oO CIENCE 
————s 
Fripay, May 24, 1912 
CONTENTS 
University Control: PRoFESsoR J: McK&rEN 
CATTELL 797 
WARD 
The Transcontinental Excursion of the Amer- 
ican Geographical Society 
Scientific Notes and News ...........+++-++- 
University and Educational News 
Discussion and Correspondence :— 
A Protest against changing the Interna- 
tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature: 
WitMER STonNE. ‘‘Genes’’ or ‘‘Gens’’: 
Dr. GrorcE H. SHULL. Crystallographic 
Tables: H. P. Wuittock, Dr. Epwarp T. 
WHERRY. Changes of Bodily Form in 
Descendants of Immigrants: Dr. PauL R. 
RADOSAVLJEVICH 817 
Scientific Books :— 
Palladin’s Pflanzenphysiologie: PROFESSOR 
Burton E. Livineston. Report of the 
Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories: 
PROFESSOR CHARLES ATWwoop KOoFoID. 
Sanderson on Insect Pests: PROFESSOR W. 
E. Britton. Sclater’s History of the Birds 
of Colorado; J. A. A—..c. oi. see tees 824 
Botanical Notes :— 
The Garden in Education; an Island Flora; 
Systematic Notes; Pathological Notes; 
Mycological Notes; Paleobotanical Notes: 
PROFESSOR CHARLES HE. BESSEY .......... 829 
Special Articles :— 
The Inefficiency of Wires as a Means of 
Curing Defective Acoustics of Audttorwms: 
Proressor F. R. Watson. Color Variations 
-of the House Mouse in California: LEE 
R. DickE 833 
Societies and Academies :— 
The Pacific Association of Scientific Socie- 
ties: J. N. BOWMAN 
MSS, intended for publication and books, etc., intonded for 
yeview should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 
Hudson, N. Y. 
UNIVERSITY CONTROL* 
Bouoena and Paris are the archetypal 
universities from which all others have 
descended and from which they have in 
some measure inherited their present or- 
ganization and methods. In the first 
decades of the twelfth century Irnerius lec- 
tured at Bologna on the civil law, and 
Abelard at Paris on philosophy and theol- 
ogy. There were at the same time other 
eminent teachers in those cities, and stu- 
dents were attracted from all parts of 
Europe. The students in a foreign city 
organized themselves into guilds for mutual 
protection and assistance in accordance 
with the custom of the time. These were 
the first universities. The lecturers, who 
had previously taught as the sophists at 
Athens and the rhetoricians at Rome, or as 
masters of music, dancing and gymnastics 
teach to-day, also organized themselves into 
societies or universities. There were no 
endowments; no academic buildings. The 
professors lectured at their homes or in 
1This paper, more especially the collection 
of letters from university professors, was pre- 
pared for the faculties of the University of Illi- 
nois, and for discussion before their committee 
charged with drawing up a constitution for the 
university. Papers on the subject have also been 
presented before the Society of Sigma Xi of the 
University of Indiana, the Huxley Club of the 
Johns Hopkins University and at a joint meeting 
of the faculties of Lehigh University and Lafay- 
ette College. The fact that in the last two cases 
the presentation was in the form of an after- 
dinner address may account for the more frivolous 
and rhetorical passages, and for the use of the 
first personal pronoun. These might have been 
eliminated—they have been reduced—but a re- 
former should be concerned with accomplishing 
his ends rather than with conserving his dignity. 
