986 
The publication of such “eye-sores” can 
be so easily prevented by either author, edi- 
tor or engraver that it should not be allowed 
to continue any longer. Of course in some 
cases, aS in views of lakes and rivers, there 
may not be any distinet vertical or horizontal 
lines to guide the trimmer; but in such cases 
one may sometimes get his bearings by re- 
membering that any point and its reflection 
in a body of still water are always in the same 
vertical line, except in the case of objects 
{such as birds) moving rapidly from the ob- 
server's right to left, or wice versa, and 
photographed with a focal-plane shutter 
traveling vertically. 
Rotanp M. Harper 
UNIVERSITY, ALA. 
ANOTHER SEX-LIMITED CHARACTER 
To THE Eprror oF Sctence: From work done 
this spring on the inheritance of mamme in 
swine, the writer has apparently discovered a 
new sex-limited character in the behavior of 
rudimentaries. These rudimentaries are the 
ones located low on the scrotum of the male, 
and well to the rear on the inside of the thigh 
of the female. The method of inheritance 
corresponds to the appearance of horns in 
Wood’s crosses in sheep. 
The males used by the writer both pos- 
sessed rudimentaries on the scrotum and 
were heterozygous in nature if the interpre- 
tation is correct. Two ages of sows were 
used, gilts or sows just turned a year old, and 
sows that had just become two years of age. 
The results are depicted in the following table, 
the symbols being as follows: R equals factor 
for presence of rudimentary, r equals absence 
of same. RR equals rudimentaries in both 
sexes, fr equals presence in male and absence 
in female, and rr equals absence in both sexes. 
In the second table the deviation of the 
actual from the theoretical is wider than the 
writer would like, but is scarcely significant. 
The number of gilts are only seventeen and 
the average of pigs per gilt is less than with 
the sows. Both of these factors should com- 
plicate the results as to chance. Since there 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vou. XXXV. No. 913 
is no appearance of rudimentaries where they 
are not expected the writer feels that the 
theory is justified in spite of the deviations. 
SOWS MATED TO OLD BOAR (fr) 
y Boars Sows 
Contention ais: 
ows Ab- | Pres-| Ab- | Pres- 
oe sent = t sent ene 
Expectation| 0 | 26] 11} 11 
T8189) osos0600 OMe aT 0| 296| 14]. 9 
Rr g | Expectation) 9] 27] 36 | 12 
Rat aan Actual 11} 25] 34] 14 
a ig | Expectation) 46 | 46 | 84 0 
Pea tea Actual 48 | 45 | 84 0 
GILTS MATED TO YOUNG BOAR (Rr) 
Expectation 0/ 13 8 8 
IBLE cccoocce: 4 | Actual ON) es | 
Rr 5 | Expectation)! 95 | 15} 21 7 
EAMES iy Hy Actual 7} 13] 18} 10 
as 8 Expectation | 19 | 19 | 23 0 
Sea Ue aT, Actual 23 | 15 | 23 0 
The gilts are from the sows listed in the 
first table and thus there are available three 
generations for study. The gametic compo- 
sition assigned the gilts as a result of their 
behavior in breeding is confirmatory in every 
case of the composition assigned the sows. 
The writer is not dogmatic in his interpre- 
tation and welcomes suggestions that may 
help reconcile the slight differences present. 
Epwarp N. WeENtTWworTH 
Ames, Iowa 
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 
Phylogeny of the Echint with a Revision of 
Paleozoic Species. By Ropert Tracy JACK- 
son. Memoirs of the Boston Society of 
Natural History, Vol. 7. Boston: Printed 
for the Society with aid from the Gurdon 
Saltonstall Fund, January, 1912. Quarto, 
491 pages with 256 text-figures and 76 
plates. 
The discovery of the actual phylogeny of 
any group of animals involves not only the 
combined study of the morphology and devel- 
opment of those animals as they exist to-day, 
but also the more difficult and laborious study 
of their fossil remains. The true phylogenist 
