1002 
from the surface of the tube. When the 
lobsters were found to be resting quietly on 
the bottom of the dish, the point of the pipette 
was slowly lowered to the very bottom of the 
jar, where a few drops of clam juice were 
liberated in the vicinity of the fourth-stage 
lobsters. Within a few seconds all the lobsters 
in that region rose immediately to the surface 
of the water and swam wildly about for a 
variable length of time, after which they 
again went to the bottom of the jar. Here 
they either rested permanently or, if a suffi- 
cient amount of the clam juice remained near 
the bottom of the jar, apparently restimulated, 
the lobsters manifested further surface-swim- 
ming. These same tests were tried on the 
fifth-stage lobsters, but, although the clam 
juice might excite them to more active crawl- 
ing over the bottom of the jar, it never pro- 
duced surface-swimming, as in the ease of the 
fourth-stage lobsters. These observations 
have received further support from the facts 
which the writer once learned from Dr. V. E. 
Emmel. It appeared in his case that the 
hungry lobsters with which he chanced to be 
working, when stimulated by a piece of clam 
meat dropped into their confinement bottles, 
would not remain on the bottom to enjoy the 
morsel, but would rise to the surface and 
manifest active swimming for some moments. 
These few observations demonstrate clearly 
that the lobsters, at least of a certain age, re- 
spond very definitely to certain kinds of food- 
stimuli. To what extent this kind of reaction 
may be responsible for the surface-swimming 
so characteristic of the early fourth-stage 
lobsters under natural conditions it is difficult 
to say. It is not improbable, however, that, 
after the fast which usually accompanies the 
approach of the third moulting-period the 
great hunger which characterizes the early 
fourth-stage lobster may be, in part, at least, 
the cause of the surface-swimming, although, 
as has been shown in previous publications, 
the reaction to light is also no doubt an in- 
fluential factor. 
Puiuie B. HaDiey 
Kineston, R. I., 
January 22, 1912 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vou. XXXV. No. 913 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 
THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
THE 458th regular meeting of the society was 
held in the new National Museum at 4:45 P.M. 
on February 6. Professor Mitchell Carrell pre- 
sented a paper entitled ‘‘The Excavations at 
Knossos or Labyrinth of Minos,’’ illustrating his 
talk with the lantern. 
On February 20 the retiring president, Dr. 
J. W. Fewkes, made an address on ‘‘Great Stone 
Monuments in History and Geography,’’ at eight 
o’clock in the new National Museum. Dr. 
Fewkes’s paper will appear in full in the Smith- 
sonian Miscellaneous Collections. 
THE 459th regular meeting of the society was 
held in the new National Museum at 4:45 P.M. on 
March 12. Miss Densmore read a paper on the 
‘¢Sun Dance of the Teton Sioux.’’ This paper 
was based upon a study of the sun dance made 
among the Teton Sioux on the Standing Rock 
reservation in North Dakota and represents the 
sun dance usage in that band of the tribe. The 
study was conducted in a series of councils to 
which the old leaders of the tribe came from a 
radius of about a hundred miles. Fifteen reliable 
men were selected to give the account of the sun 
dance, their authority being established by inter- 
views with about forty members of the tribe, in 
widely separated localities. Those who took part 
in the sun dance councils were men who bore upon 
their bodies the scars of their participation in the 
sun-dance tortures, and among them were the man 
who acted as intercessor in the ceremeny and the 
man who ‘‘did’’ the cutting of those who ful- 
filled vows, both men being the only Tetons living 
who had performed these official acts. The men 
comprising the sun-dance council, with the writer 
and an interpreter, visited the site of the last sun 
dance held by the Teton Sioux in 1882, the site 
being identified by the Indians. The place where 
the sun-dance pole was erected, the outline of the 
‘¢shade-house’’ and the location of the ‘‘sacred 
place’’ were recognized and measurement showed 
them to be correct, according to the usual plot of 
the sun-dance grounds. 
The sun dance was held annually by the Sioux and 
was distinctly a religious ceremony. The fulfilling 
of vows of torture was an important part of the cere- 
mony, the vows having been made by men in danger 
on the warpath. When making the vow they asked 
