Juty 19, 1918] 
ranged, but differ from those of notch me- 
lanogaster in being entirely wanting on each 
side in a narrow band just inside the dorso- 
central row. 
The unusual features of notch in melano- 
gaster are not limited to its morphological 
nature. Notch is one of the few dominant 
mutant genes, and in addition is sex-linked 
and has a recessive lethal effect. The result 
is that a notch female gives equal numbers 
of wild-type and notch daughters and of wild- 
type sons. Notch males never appear. This 
is the only known dominant sex-linked gene 
that is also lethal—except funebris notch. We 
have seen that the original notch culture, 5201, 
gave the characteristics 1: 1: 1: 0 ratio; and 
this has been repeated by the notch females 
produced in that culture, both when mated to 
their brothers and when mated to unrelated 
wild-type males. 
The striking parallel between these two 
mutants makes it highly probable that they 
represent the same genetic change. This 
view is strengthened by the fact that notch 
is one of the most frequent mutations in 
melanogaster (known to have occurred seven 
times), and might therefore be expected to be 
one likely to occur in another species. 
Summary.—Notch melanogaster and notch 
funebris agree in the following respects: 
1. Wings usually irregularly nicked at tip. 
. Certain veins thickened. 
. Eyes often small and roughened. 
. Acrostichal hairs not in definite rows. 
. Anterior scutellar bristles often doubled. 
. Character is dominant. 
. Gene has a recessive lethal effect. 
. Gene is sex-linked in melanogaster, almost 
certainly so in funebris. 
9. Mutation is one of the most frequent in 
melanogaster, and the first certain one in funebris. 
A. H. Sturtevant 
onan oP & 9 
CoLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 
May, 1918 
4It is theoretically possible that funebris notch 
is not sex-linked, but that the gene is dominant in 
females, lethal in males. This can be determined 
by finding gynandromorphs, or by finding other 
sex-linked genes and observing their linkage to 
notch. 
SCIENCE 73 
THE KENTUCKY ACADEMY OF 
SCIENCE 
Tue Kentucky Academy of Science held its fifth 
annual meeting at the University of Kentucky on 
Saturday, May 4, 1918, with Mr. J. E. Barton, 
vice-president, in the chair. After a brief business 
session, at which several new members were 
elected, the following program was presented: 
President’s address, by J. E. Barton, acting 
president, ‘‘The regenerative forests of eastern 
Kentucky and their relation to the coal-mining in- 
dustry.’’ The extensive coal-measures of eastern 
Kentucky support a valuable forest growth, which 
is of great usefulness in the mining of coal. At 
the present time it takes about three acres of tim- 
ber to mine one acre of coal. The ratio should be 
nearly one acre of timber to one acre of coal. This 
condition can be brought about by careful man- 
agement, which is justified by the fact that the 
eoal supply will last about one hundred years, at 
present rate of production. Timber can be raised 
in a thirty-year rotation, of sufficient size and 
character for mining purposes, by a proper selec- 
tion of species, an area fully stocked and adequate 
protection against fire and live stock. 
Differences in the ossification of the male and 
female skeleton: Dr. J. W. Pryor. 
Scientific education: J. J. TIGERT. 
development of scientific agriculture. Education 
followed agriculture in scientific progress. Scien- 
tific procedure dependent upon quantitative meas- 
urement. Statistical methods and measurements 
in education. Standard tests. The measurement 
of intelligence. Charts and tables showing re- 
sults of measurements in the Cynthiana schools in 
1916-17 and the Lexington schools in 1917-18. 
Age-grade table, Cynthiana, shows 22 per cent. of 
pupils retarded. Comparison of promotions in 
Cynthiana and other American cities shows a 
larger percentage of promotion in Cynthiana than 
elsewhere. Ayres Spelling Test in Lexington and 
Cynthiana shows Lexington three points above the 
average of 84 American cities, and Cynthiana 
equal to the average of 84 American cities. 
Handwriting tests in Lexington and Cynthiana 
show both these cities below the average city in 
speed and quality of handwriting. Arithmetic 
tests in Cynthiana show Cynthiana below stand- 
ard measured by the Woody Seale. A comparison 
of boys and girls in spelling and handwriting shows 
the girls to be superior to the boys. 
The effect of manganese on the growth of wheat: 
J. S. MoHarcue. After reviewing briefly some 
noteworthy results obtained by previous investi- 
The rapid 
