164 
eonducted by an institution of learning, one 
whose regular course is naval architecture and 
whose special short course in naval architec- 
ture referred to above shall have been approved 
by the commission.” The other minimum re- 
quirements all include experience in shipbuild- 
ing. 
THE London Times, in recording the cen- 
tenary of the British Institution of Civil Engi- 
neers writes: The Institution of Civil Engi- 
neers, our premier engineering society and the 
parent of several other institutions of rather 
more specialized character, celebrates the cen- 
tenary of its foundation. It was on January 
9, 1818, that it was established by eight young 
men, who met for that purpose in the Kendal 
Coffee-house in Fleet Street. It was fortunate 
in securing as its president, two years after its 
birth, Thomas Telford, the foremost engineer 
of his day and one of the leading engineers of 
all time. Although he was not present at the 
inaugural meeting, he may fairly be ranked as 
its founder. Holding the office until his death 
in 1834, he devoted much of his time during 
his life to furthering its interests, and at his 
death bequeathed a sum of money for the es- 
tablishment of the Telford Medals and 
Premiums, which have ever since served to en- 
courage the presentation of original communi- 
cations at its meetings. It was in his time 
also, in 1828, that its position was established 
by the grant of a Royal Charter, which con- 
tains the famous definition of civil engineer- 
ing as being: 
The art of directing the Great Sources of Power 
in Nature for the use and convenience of men, as 
the means of production and of traffic in states 
both for external and internal trade, as applied 
in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, 
canals, river navigation and docks, for internal 
intercourse and exchange, and in the construction 
of ports, harbors, moles, breakwaters and light- 
houses, and in the art of navigation by artificial 
power for the purposes of commerce, and in the 
construction and adaptation of machinery, and in 
the drainage of cities and towns. 
It is announced from Ottawa that the min- 
ister of naval service, controlling fisheries, has 
decided to close some fourteen lobster hatch- 
eries scattered about the coasts of the Mar- 
SCIENCE 
[N. 8. Vor. XLVIITI. No. 1233 
itime Provinces. The question of lobster 
hatching has been a subejct of investigation 
for the past four years. Arrangements are 
being made to start an educational campaign 
among the fishermen to induce them to protect 
all berried lobsters and to cooperate with the 
department in protecting the fishery and 
saving the lobster industry. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
. NEWS 
New York University is endeavoring to 
raise a fund to meet the emergency war con- 
ditions and subscriptions have been received 
amounting to over $250,000, $94,000 from the 
alumni of the school of applied science and 
liberal arts, $89,000 from the professional 
schools and $67,000 from the undergraduate 
body on $25 subscription payroll over a period 
of five years at $5 per year. Part of the plan 
is to secure an endowment of $500,000 for the 
engineering school in connection with a co- 
operative plan of education between the in- 
dustries and the university. Mr. Mois H. 
Avram, lecturer on industrial engineering in 
the university, has been active in this work. 
ExXcavaTION was started on July 18 for the 
foundation of the additional building to the 
University of Nebraska ‘Medical School, 
Omahia, to be erected at a cost of $150,000. 
The new building will be four stories in 
height, red brick and will house the laborator- 
ies of pharmacology, physiology and biologic 
chemistry. 
Tue Secretary of State for the Royal Air 
Force of Great Britain announces that the 
sum of £25,000 has been placed at the disposal 
of the government by Sir Basil Zaharoff, for 
the purpose of endowing a professorship of 
aviation. This donation is in continuation of 
donations previously made by Sir Basil for 
the foundation of chairs of aviation at the 
universities of Paris and Petrograd, in order 
to assist in the progress of aviation among 
the allies, and it is hoped that the occupants 
of the chairs will continuously exchange views. 
It is proposed that the professorship shall be 
called the Zaharoff professorship of aviation. 
and that it shall be a professorship of the Uni- 
