SEPTEMBER 27, 1918] 
function of N. Numerous precautions were 
necessary as in the earlier investigation. 
The results of the observations on four 
rotors are given in Table I. The “set” of 
observations there referred to contained four 
readings, or two double deflections. 
With nickel and cobalt observations were 
made at more than one speed; and H/N was 
found to be independent of the speed, within 
the limits of the experimental error, as in the 
earlier experiments with iron. It is also seen 
to be independent of the size and shape of the 
body in rotation, which is an implicit re- 
quirement of the theory developed above. 
TABLE I 
Intrinsic Magnetic Intensity of Rotation in Tron, 
Nickel and Cobalt 
| 
| HT | Average 
Mean |. —~'y | Depart- 
Rotor Series | Groups| Speed Number) . i; ure from 
R.P.S. Of Sets pay, Mean 
Mean | (Sets) 
Steel | 
(smaller) 1 1-2 | 44.8} 21 | 5.1 0.5 
Steel 
(larger) 2 34 47.8 21 5.2 | 1.2 
S376) 20.23) 0 17 4.8 
Cobalt...| 3 2.2 
4 | 821] 303| 23 | 5.6 | 1.2 
5 |12-25] 455 | 79 | 60) 09 
6 a)ae | u460) 7] w68-|,, 0.8 
7 | 2 | 448] 9 | 59] 04 
| fia Seth aa el t6.8- | on 
Nickel...| 9 | 26 | 205| 4 | 47 | 20 
10 |27-28| 305| 9 | 67 | 11 
11 [20-32] 453 | 37 | 61 | 05 
The value of H/N is in all cases negative, 
but less in magnitude than that of the stand- 
ard value of 4 7 m/e==—7.1 e.m.u. for nega- 
tive electrons in slow motion, as was the case 
in the earlier experiments with iron, which 
gave 3.6 and 3.1 in place of 7.1. In view of 
the experimental errors, it still seems to me 
doubtful whether these discrepancies indicate 
definitely that in addition to the negative elec- 
trons in orbital revolution there are also posi- 
tive, electrons revolving in orbits. The prob- 
ability of the presence of the latter orbits is 
great from the known expulsion of a particles 
with great velocities from radio-active sub- 
SCIENCE 
-electricity has mass or inertia. 
309 
stances. There can be no question, however, 
that the effect of the negative electrons is at 
least greatly preponderant. 
A few preliminary results, not of a precise 
character, but consistent with those of Table 
I., have been obtained with a rotor of very soft 
iron and with a rotor of Heusler alloy—a 
magnetic compound of aluminum, copper and 
manganese in atomic proportions. 
In summing up the chief results of the two 
investigations it may be said that, in addition 
to revealing a second and entirely new method 
of producing magnetization in magnetic sub- 
stances, they have proved in a direct and con- 
clusive way, on the basis of classical dynamics 
alone and without dependence on the still ob- 
scure theory of radiation, (1) that Ampéreian 
currents, or molecular currents of electricity 
in orbital revolution, exist in iron, nickel, 
cobalt and Heusler alloy; (2) that all or most 
of the electricity in orbital revolution is nega- 
tive, or at least that the effect of the negative 
electricity is preponderant; and (3) that this 
Furthermore, 
if we admit the classical theory of radiation, 
according to which a ring of electrons moving 
in a cireular orbit must continually emit 
energy, but at a smaller rate the more uni- 
formly the electricity is distributed in the 
ring, we must conclude that the electrons are 
closely packed in the Ampéreian orbits. For 
the existence of residual or permanent magne- 
tization proves that these orbits are essentially 
permanent and can not therefore emit energy 
at an appreciable rate.. 
S. J. Barnerr 
THE OHIO STaTeE UNIVERSITY 
THE ORIGIN OF THE PINK BOLLWORM 
Tue determination of the original habitat of 
the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella 
Saunders) is of great interest in relation to 
the present distribution of this insect and may 
be of importance later as indicating where 
parasitic or other natural checks may be 
found. A scrutiny of the records gives strong 
support to the theory that this insect orig- 
inated in Southern Asia, probably India. 
The first account of the insect by W. W. 
