Ocroser 11, 1918] 
cies for each genus. The genera of bees given 
in the New Jersey and Connecticut lists are 
those recognized by Viereck, but his views 
correspond with, and were probably somewhat 
determined by those of Cockerell, Crawford, 
Swenk, Sladen, Lovell and Ellis. While these 
authors might have different views in a few 
eases, the difference would hardly affect the 
averages. 
Species Genera Average 
New Jersey, 1910: 
IBIIDEGRA 6 cds s.:e.0.0.4s000m%0h OOS 205| 2.4 
PMMIPNESIIEERER S Soto cv creo ac. de ee 2,120 TiS |) 2.9 
GIB EEE. <5.5) sibs wih tihinl'e 3,092] 1,079; 2.8 
EM hy cess a's 6 ena nfinl ie 1,661 542| 3.0 
Non-aculeate Hym..........) 1,078 408 2.6 
Lower Aculeata.............| 452 99) 4.5 
PEDEDM i cack aassck Gana SBOE | 3,048 121 28 
ESI aa clet ds foray, o's shew atabecg aacsce.s 250) 34/| 7.3 
Genera suppressed ............ 18| 4.8 
Connecticut, 1916: { | 
Non-aculeate Hym.......... 1,819} 481] 3.7 
Lower Aculeata......:......| 361] 118] 3.0 
ta aaa ape eer LSU | HOOD | 3.6 
Weer ee Sep Senet cau es 231 35| 6.6 
Genera suppressed ............ 31) 3.5 
Carlinville: | 
MIGIMIDtERE ss. Ses es eee kates 21} 18/ 1.1 
Wepidopterd.... 0... 0605.6 bce | 95 | Wiens 
Pleript ene oh arose s vs Strate od jeatoz, | 82.) 1.6 
LET Sas Bae sees | 487] 261] 1.6 
BEER sn ae et pict tise Sepa cals = 403; 234/ 1.7 
Non-aculeate Hym.......... 126 74| 1.7 
Lower Aculeata............. 209 | 84 2.4 
egies oes, 1,428| 824| 1.7 
Bees, R., 1918....... 296 98| 3.0 
Ashmead, 1899............. 296 | 50} 5.9 
Cockerell, 1918.............. 296 | 45, 6.5 
oT or a ie 296 | 38| 7.7 
Dalla Torre, 1896........... 296 | 32] 9.2 
The table shows that, as regards genera, the 
lower aculeate hymenoptera and the bees have 
been neglected. Even 98 genera are conserva- 
tive. On the analogy of the 1,428 specfes of 
other groups the 296 local bees should be re- 
ferred to about 174 genera. The 250 New 
Jersey bees ought to be referred to about 96 
genera, and the 231 Connecticut bees to 88 
genera. 
SCIENCE 
369 
From the table we may presume also that 
when the number of species to the genus aver- 
ages more than 1.7 for a locality like Carlin- 
ville, or more than 2.6 for a region like New 
Jersey, the generic determinations are errone- 
ous. The table also establishes the presump- 
tion that the genera of bees suppressed in the 
New Jersey and Connecticut lists were sup- 
pressed erroneously. If the genera mentioned 
and suppressed in the two lists were used the 
average would be 4.8 for New Jersey and 3.5 
for Connecticut. 
To avoid the conclusion that these generic 
determinations are erroneous it is necessary to 
show that the genera in the other groups are 
not correctly determined, or that the bees dif- 
fer from all of the other groups in a lack of 
characters on which generic distinctions can 
be based. CHARLES RoBERTSON 
CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS 
THE NECESSITY FOR BETTER BOOK AND 
NEWSPAPER MANUFACTURE WITH 
RESPECT TO MATERIALS USED 
Owine to the effects of the present war 
many of our productions have suffered greatly 
in quality. Manufactures of all kinds that, 
five years ago, were as fine in all particulars 
as the world has ever seen turned out any- 
where, have now depreciated to such an ex- 
tent, in proportions and quality, that one would ° 
hardly believe, without due comparison, 
what an enormous falling off there has been in 
many instances. It has affected the output of 
nearly every one of our best industries, with 
possibly the exception of the manufacture of 
war munitions, war materials, and some others 
too well known to mention. There are thou- 
sands of newspapers published in this é¢oun- 
try. Some of the wealthier ones do not seem 
to have suffered much, while in the case of 
the majority of the smaller sheets, they have 
not only shrunk in the matter of their size 
and number of pages, but the materials used 
in their manufacture, notably the paper and 
ink, are so poor in quality that the paper, in 
an incredibly short space of time, becomes 
more or less brittle, yellow, and blotchy, all of 
which are but premonitory symptoms of a 
crumbling away—a condition that proceeds 
