440 
scrubby oaks. At higher elevations fir and 
pine tres are abundant. 
The area is underlain by igneous rocks that 
appear to be chiefly basaltic and andesitic 
flows and tuffs. The sequence of the rocks 
in part in the Lake Creek district comprises, 
beginning with the lowest flow, a platy ba- 
salt, 500 feet or more thick; a red basalt tuff, 
commonly manganiferous, 100 to 300 feet or 
more thick; a platy basalt, a few feet to 100 
or more feet thick; dark gray to buff,locally 
manganiferous, andesitic tufis and breccias, a 
few feet to 500 feet thick; vesicular to com- 
pact massive gray and purplish gray andesitic 
flows and tuffs, about 500 feet thick; and 
dense black basalt that weathers light gray 
on the surface, a few feet to more than 100 
feet thick. 
About 1,500 tons of ore, containing at 
least 15 per cent. of manganese, is “in sight.” 
In addition, incomplete prospecting by drill- 
ing and by open cuts indicates that at least 4 
acres are probably underlain by 10 feet of ore 
(about 120,000 tons) containing probably 10 
per cent. of manganese. The surface indica- 
tions in other parts of the district warrant an 
estimate that they may yield 130,000 tons 
more of material carrying at least 10 per cent. 
of manganese, so that the probable reserves of 
ore of this grade amount to at least 250,000 
tons. 
EXHIBIT OF MINERALS USEFUL IN WAR 
GRAPHICALLY displayed in the Hall of Min- 
erals of the American Museum of Natural 
History is a series of minerals intended to 
visualize the steps necessary in the develop- 
ment of war munitions from the crude ore to 
the finished product, and to point the urgent 
need of domestic production. Included in the 
exhibit are the rarer minerals such as mercury, 
nickel, manganese, chromium, tungsten, va- 
nadium and molybdenum, and under each 
specimen of these a label indicating in what 
particular industry it is used. For instance 
we find molybdenum steel is used in the con- 
struction of the inner tubes of large guns, as 
it has been found that this metal best resists 
the erosion caused by the gases developed by 
smokeless powder. 
SCIENCE 
[N. 8S. Vou. XLVIII. No, 1244 
There are also displayed small distribution 
maps showing the occurrence of the ores in the 
United States and other countries, giving lo- 
cations of the principal supplies prior to the 
war, and indicating regions in this country 
worthy of development. Particularly interest- 
ing is the display of finished products. 
Through the courtesy of a number of promi- 
nent manufacturers, material has been secured 
which illustrates how these minerals and met- 
als are extracted and are being turned into 
tools for our army forces. By this means one 
can trace the application of mercury from 
cinnabar—how the primers are charged with 
fulminate of mercury which explodes the 
hand and rifle grenades now being so success- 
fully used in pushing back the Teuton forces. 
One may also see a sectional barrel of the 
three-inch naval gun with its lining of molyb- 
denum steel. Also interesting and instructive 
is the series showing the many stages required 
in the manufacture of a completed nickel- 
jacketed bullet like those now being used by 
thousands in our rifles, machine guns and re- 
volvers. 
Stamped on the lead insert of the .303 
caliber cartridge used in the Lee-Enfield rifle 
of the British Army, are the letters “U. S.,” 
which must have served as a reminder to the 
Kaiser’s troops, in the early part of the war, 
that these particular arguments were made in 
the United States. Another display makes 
comparison of these modern messengers of 
death with those in use during our Civil War. 
LIBRARY OF THE EDGEWOOD ARSENAL 
LABORATORY 
Masor Wm. Luoyp Evans, Chemical War- 
fare Service, has addressed the following let- 
ter to Colonel Wm. H. Walker, commanding 
officer :. 
As we are becoming more settled in our labora- 
tory work, the need for the well-known handbooks 
and chemical journals becomes more apparent daily. 
We are badly in need of such works as Beilstein’s 
Organische Chemie, Landolt-Boérnstein, Tabellen, 
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Jour- 
nal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 
Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Journal 
of the Society of Chemical Industry, Transactions 
