NoveMseER 8, 1918] 
ucts for the production of dyes—hitherto a 
great German monopoly—has met with very 
gratifying success. Quite apart from what 
has been done by the powerful interests repre- 
sented by British Dyes (Limited) and its 
allies, specimens are shown by the Chemical 
Research Laboratory of the University of St. 
Andrews of twenty-five fine chemicals pre- 
viously obtained from enemy sources, most 
of which are now prepared on the manufac- 
turing scale by processes developed in the lab- 
oratory during the past three years and a half. 
TEXTILES AND GLASS 
Mention must also be made of the extra- 
ordinary development of the. textile industries. 
As the exhibits sent by the Bradford Tech- 
nical College and the Nottingham Chamber 
of Commerce demonstrate, a considerable ad- 
vance has been made in the production of 
worsted goods and of cotton embroideries 
which were previously almost exclusively im- 
ported from Germany. It is recognized that 
the production of knitting needles is one of 
the key industries necessary to make Great 
Britain self-supporting, and a great effort has 
been made to increase the British output of 
latch needles, in which before the war Ger- 
many held 90 per cent. of the world’s trade. 
Nor is it inappropriate, in view of the use of 
King’s College for the exhibition, to refer to 
the work which has been done by Sir Herbert 
Jackson, the professor of chemistry in the 
college, to provide the chemical and optical 
glass urgently needed when supplies from 
Germany and Austria were cut off. The pure 
potash required for certain glasses is now ob- 
tained by a new electrolytic process, and the 
net result of this and much other work has 
been the reawakening of the glass industry and 
the attainment of a position which it is be- 
lieved is strong enough to enable our manu- 
facturers to meet all assaults upon them. 
SCIENCE 
459 
human remains found at Vero, Florida. The 
delay in printing this document has resulted 
in giving to it some of the flavor of ancient 
history. In compensation, however, there are 
introduced certain original ideas in dynamic, 
geology, some of which will be considered be- 
low. Unfortunately there is no adequate treat- 
ment of that 160-foot geological section which, 
we were assured,’ afforded a view at once com- 
prehensive and enlightening. 
The writer does not intend to debate the 
question whether the geologists and the pa- 
leontologists ought to have anything to say in 
such an important matter as that presented at 
Vero. It is preferred to introduce two ex- 
pressions of opinion that ought to have a de- 
eree of weight. It happens that both. of these 
were called forth by discoveries made some 
years ago at Trenton, N. J. Professor W. H. 
Holmes? wrote: 
Little by little the advocates of a paleolithic eul- 
ture in America have been forced to give up the 
idea that there is any other reliable test of the 
age of a culture than that furnished by geology. 
Dr. Ales Hrdlitka? was engaged in studying 
a fragment of a human femur and a piece of 
parietal. Not having gained any results from 
‘the comparison with corresponding bones from 
Florida and Mexico, having regard especially 
to their chalkiness and their tints of yellow; 
he delivered the following opinion: 
The determination of the age of the two bones, 
however, must be based principally on their loca- 
tion with regard to geological formation. 
It is evident that Dr. Hrdlitka has changed 
his opinion since that sentence was penned. 
Perhaps the geological test has not always re- 
sulted to his liking, and he has resolved to 
base his judgments hereafter on the state of 
development of the skeleton, as determined by 
European standards. Now he tells us* that 
the age of the strata and the determination 
“ and age of the animal remains in them are 
DOCTOR ALES HRDLICKA AND THE 
VERO MAN 
In Bulletin No. 66 of the Bureau of Amer- 
ican Ethnology there has recently appeared 
Dr. Ales Hrdliéka’s long-awaited report on the 
matters quite irrelevant to the discussion of 
1**Symposium,’’ p. 43. 
2 SoreNcE, Vol. XX., 1892, p. 297. 
3‘‘Papers Peabody Mus.,’’ Vol. V., p. 247. 
4 Bull. 66, p. 60. 
