528 
He emphasized the need for the adjust- 
ment of each individual to his special task, 
the need for better training for its better 
accomplishment and the predetermined and 
conscious stimulation of the workman to his 
greatest degree of exertion consistent with 
his continued health by means of a special 
reward in the form of a bonus for superior 
accomplishment. How to adjust an individ- 
ual to any special task is plainly ‘a matter 
for scientific study and the work of the late 
Professor Miinsterburg, incomplete though 
it was, shows the vast possibilities of this 
kind of work. The recently devised tests 
for the fitness of aviators are of the same 
sort and the newly promulgated order of the 
War Department that all soldiers shall be 
tested by trained psychologists and the 
number of our faculty, members of this so- 
ciety, that have been taken for this purpose 
is another evidence of the feeling that 
there is a definite relation between the mind 
or attitude of the laborer and the work that 
he has to do. 
‘One of the most important parts of Mr. 
Taylor’s study was the investigation of the 
amount of work that a capable workman 
_can produce in a day, a study carried on 
with a stop watch reading to fractions of 
a second and this led to an analysis of the 
elementary motions needed for any opera- 
tion and to the elimination of all unneces- 
sary ones. His work was however not ex- 
haustive but rather suggestive and a great 
deal of investigation in his field remains to 
be done. Some attention has already been 
given to the inefficient management of 
household economy and to the possibility of 
applying the Taylor principles to do- 
mestic management. Our own department 
of domestic economy has published some 
suggestive bulletins on various phases of 
his subject although as in factories it is 
sometimes easier to point out the losses 
than it is to persuade the workers to avoid 
SCIENCE 
[N. S. Von, XLVIII. No, 1248 
them. An amusing series of stories about 
‘‘Bfficiency Edgar’’ appeared in the Sat- 
urday Evening Post in 1916, giving an 
imaginary account of the possibilities of 
this important sort of efficiency housekeep- 
ing. 
In the university we may not make our 
enquiries directly on the operation of fac- 
tories but our university community is in 
many ways only a factory of a certain sort 
whose product is men and women instead 
of things and many factory problems may 
be studied here as well as elsewhere. 
We might, e. g., make scientific enquiry 
into such questions as: 
What is the necessary rest period during 
the course of any working day? 
Do students accomplish the same amount 
of work in the same number of days of a 
term, with and without vacations? 
What tests can be applied to candidates 
for admission to the college of agriculture 
to determine their fitness for directing 
dairy work, or for agronomy, or for any 
other kind of agricultural work? 
What inducements, that is, what kind of 
bonus, may be offered to students so that 
they shall be persuaded to really work for 
an education ? 
How shall a student know when he has 
reached the limits of his powers of applica- 
tion in the preparation of any lesson, so 
that a change of occupation is desirable? 
How may competition be made use of in 
educational processes as in industry ? 
How much sleep does ‘a student need ? 
How much food does a student need as 
compared with the military ration that has 
been found desirable ? 
Such studies would of course be widely 
different from the microscopic investiga- 
tions of such subjects as: 
“‘The Classification of the Larve of 
Ground Beetles,’’ in zoology; ‘‘The Molec- 
ular Arrangements in the Camphor Series’”’ 
