1900.] SOFT ANATOMY OF THE MUSK-OX. 15l 



between the reticulum and psalterium are some conical papillae, 

 but not enlarged or curved as is usually the case in Bos. The 

 psalterium-groove is also bordered by rows of conical papillae like 

 those of the psalterium-folds. The opening to the abomasus is 

 surrounded by two semilunar plicae, which are continued in the 

 longitudinal folds of this organ. The number of the abomasus- 

 folds of Ovibos is 24, many more than in Bos (14-16), Ovis (13-15), 

 Gapra (13), or Capreolus (11-12). But the folds are not very 

 broad, at most about 3 cm. The length of the abomasus measured 

 along the curvature is 48 cm., and its greatest breadth when lying 

 flat and empty about 15 cm. The folds disappear 24 cm. from the 

 pylorus. In Ovis, Oapra, Capreolus, &c. tbe plicated part of the 

 abomasus is much longer than the nonplicated. Ovibos has been 

 able to shorten the plicated tract by augmenting the number of 

 laminar folds. Towards the pylorus the musculature is 

 strengthened, and forms a strong sphincter with a round button 

 on the anterior side. 



Fig. 6. 



Irregular folds in the caecum of the Musk-ox. 



The first part of the duodenum, which is suspended in the 

 omentum majus, is rather dilated, and measures 4 cm. in width, 

 when it lies empty, but when it approaches the liver, 20 cm. from 

 the pylorus in the omentum minus, it is narrowed to 3 cm. Free 

 from this it makes a short loop about 10 cm. in length, after which 

 it bends backward and forms another loop 33 cm. in length along 

 the rectum, to which the ascending part is attached by a mesentery 

 4-5 cm. in breadth. Having returned forward, it becomes the 

 jejunum, with its numerous short convolutions in the periphery of 

 the mesentery. The last part of the small intestine is again 

 straight, and attached to the caecum by a narrow mesentery. 



The ileum terminates by a 10-13 mm. broad circular vcdvula 

 ileo-ccecalis. 



In the fundus end of the caecum of Ovibos several irregular folds 

 are found. These are especially numerous on a spot a little more 

 than 3 cm. in diameter, where some of the folds are 5 mm. broad. 

 They appear to be irregularly arranged (see fig. 6). Here, too, the 



