366 MB. STANLEY, s. flower on the [Apr. 3, 



Jan. 189.4, p. 17) says: "The elephant appears to be common 

 throughout Johore. Tracks were seen in many places on the Indau, 

 and also on the Sembrong, near P'ngkalaii Repoh especially." 

 Ridley (J. S. B. R. A. S. no. 25, Jan. 1S94, p. 59) says: "The 

 elephant, though common all through Pahang, is never caught and 

 tamed. Abundant in the Tahan woods ; " and (Nat. Science, vol. vi. 

 1895, p. 162) remarks that "it is not excessively abundant, but is 

 plentiful in many parts of the Peninsula." 



Distribution. India, Burma, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, 

 and Borneo. 



Order UNGULATA. 

 Family Rhlnocerotid/E. 



Malay name for Rhinoceros, "B;idak" (the final "k" not pro- 

 nounced in most parts of the Peninsula). 



Siamese name for Rhinoceros, " Rat." 



A good deal of uncertainty exists as to how many species of 

 Rhinoceros inhabit this region, and which they are, and it is difficult 

 to obtain information ; they are poorly represented in the local 

 Museums — partly because almost all parts of the rhinoceros are 

 highly prized by various natives of Asia ; and I have been told that 

 it is more profitable for a Malay, if he happens to catch one of 

 these animals in a pitfall, to kill it and sell the remains to the 

 Chinese, than to sell the whole animal to a European. 



The only specimens of Rhinoceros in the Perak Museum (May 

 1898) were three hornless skulls without localities labelled R. lasi- 

 otis, R. sumatrensis, and R. sondaicus respectively. In the Selangor 

 Museum (July 1898) there was a single unlabelled skull. The Raffles 

 Museum (1 898) had only a skeleton, labelled R. sumatrensis without 

 locality. In the Siamese Museum we had a splendid series of over 

 sixty separate, detached horns of Rhinoceros, some of remarkable 

 shapes, but unfortunately their localities are not known. In 

 February 1S97 we acquired a specimen of R. sondaicus, which we 

 skinned and stuffed. As an instance of how rhinoceros products 

 are valued, I may mention that to skin this animal we had any 

 number of eager volunteers, mostly Siamese women, who in return 

 for the work of removing the skin only wanted to have some of the 

 blood. The rhinoceros was skinned in an old Palace Garden in 

 Bangkok under my directions ; it was an extraordinary sight as 

 we hurried to get it done before dark — a crowd of women, mostly 

 clad only in a "panung" (Siamese loin-cloth), smeared with blood 

 from head to foot, working away at the carcass with knives and 

 fingers, little children collecting the blood in cocoanut-shells and 

 running off with it to their homes, and Siamese men hanging round 

 trying to get any of the flesh they could; it was very difficult to 

 save the skeleton, several of the bones being snatched up and 

 nearly carried off by these loafers. 



Cantor (p. 54) says that Rhinoceros unicornis and R. sondaicus 

 " appear to be numerous on the Malayan Peninsula ; " aud adds 



