716 de. e. lonxberg on the [June 19, 



widely separated from the nasals in Budorcas, and even the maxil- 

 laries only touch thern with a very short suture. The sajne is also 

 the case with the upper anterior corner of the lachrymal bones. 

 But, on the other hand, the nasals of Budorcas are comparatively 

 more deeply sunk in between the frontals than in any other form. 

 This can be concluded from the fact that the lateral suture between 

 nasals and frontals measures about 7 cm. on each side, the 

 posterior not reckoned. It is thus evident that the nasal portion 

 of the skull of Budorcas ha3 undergone such a transformation and 

 specialization, that it can very well be used for comparison in 

 determining the systematic position of this animal. The lachrymal 

 bone of Budorcas is anteriorly very high or broad, and resembles in 

 its shape that of some species of Nemorhcedus \ If the orbital 

 tube of Ovibos is abstracted, there is a certain likeness in this respect 

 between these forms, but this bone varies considerably within the 

 same genus {Nemorluedus). The concavity of the lachrymal bone 

 of Budorcas is very slight. 



The foramina incisiva are larger in Budorcas than in Ovibos, so 

 that their length in the former is contained three times and a 

 third in the distance from the anterior end of the intermaxillaries 

 to the posterior end of the palatines, but in the latter a little more 

 than four times 2 . 



The intermaxillce are shaped auteriorly as in Nemorhcedus and 

 allied forms, and resemble the condition found in the Caprina, and 

 are thus comparatively less pointed than in Ovibos. 



The crista masseterica of Budorcas nearly reaches the lachrymal 

 bone in front of the orbit, as there is only an interspace of 2 or 

 3 mm. From its highest point in front of the orbit it descends 

 steeply to the tuber maxillare which is situated above the first 

 molar, but in Ovibos usually above the second. In Nemorhcedus, 

 this is subjected to great variation depending upon the size of the 

 anteorbital pit and lachrymal ; if these are large the crista is low 

 and extends to the first molar, but if the lachrymal bone is narrow 

 the tuber maxillare is situated above the second molar. 



The palate of Budorcas is less concave than that of Ovibos, but 

 the fold on the inner side between the two lobes of the molars is 

 deeper in the former and there is, at least on the specimen at 

 hand, no trace of accessory columns. The molars of the mandible 

 are also rather similar, but the third or hindmost lobe of the third 

 molar seems to be larger and better developed in Budorcas than in 

 Ovibos. In the latter the lateral semilunar lobes are more broadly 

 arcuate than in the former, in which the outline on the worn crown 

 nearly forms an angle. 



The incisors of Budorcas are much broader and larger than those 

 of Ovibos, and resemble those of Nemorhcedus and Haploceros. 



The anterior opening of the canalis alveolaris mandibulce lies in 

 Budorcas distinctly behind the symphysis, as also seems to be the 



1 Rupicapra, which is regarded as an allied genus, has rather narrow lach- 

 rymals, and so has Haploceros. 



2 In Nemorhcedus as in Ovis, 3^ times. 



