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III. On the Brain and other parts of the Hippopotamus (H. amphibius). 
By A. H. Garrop, WA., F.RS., Prosector to the Society. 
Received and read June 17, 1879. 
[Puares II. & IV.] 
THE male Hippopotamus from the Upper Nile, presented to the Society by the late 
Viceroy of Egypt on the 25th of May, 1850, died on the 11th of March, 1878, without 
any serious disease of any organ, but after having suffered for some years from ulcers 
on the legs, which were much more inflamed during the winter- than the summer- 
seasons ; because then the comparative coldness of its tank did not allow of its remaining 
in the water for any length of time, and the cutaneous surface became dry as well as 
cracked. 
The animal was about thirty years old, and apparently aged. From the front of the 
nose to the base of the tail it measured 12 feet along the back, the tail being 22 inches 
long. 
In his monograph on the anatomy of Hippopotamus amphibius' Professor Gratiolet 
has fully described and figured the brain of the new-born animal. Nevertheless there 
is a want of definiteness about the delineation of the convolutions, and a difference in 
the proportionate size of the cerebellum, which makes me feel justified in asking the 
Society to grant me opportunities for giving illustrations of the brain of the adult ani- 
mal. The necessity for a second figure is increased by the peculiarities in an outline 
sketch of the brain of Hippopotamus liberiensis given by Prof. Macalister in his account 
of that species?. 
In a valuable monograph on the brain of the Ungulata 3, recently published, Dr. 
Julius Kreug has introduced views and adopted a nomenclature which every student of 
the nervous system cannot help finding of particular service in any special investigation 
like the present. By an extensive comparison of the convolutions of individuals at -dif- 
ferent ages, and of different species, Dr. Kreug has arrived at a standard of which are 
fundamental and which secondary sulci, that has enabled him to represent what is the 
typical arrangement of the surface of the hemispheres in the Ungulata generally. 
1 «Recherches sur l’anatomie de ’ Hippopotame,’ Paris, 1867. 
? Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. i. series 2, Session 1873-74, plate xxviii. 
* «Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie,’ Leipzig, 1878, pp. 297-344, 
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