TEETH OF AN EXTINCT KANGAROO. g 
in the mandible of the adult Nofotherium*. So much of the inferior surface of the 
symphysis as is preserved in the subject of this paper is subcarinate. In the section 
made of the fractured end the density of the bony tissue at this part is shown and the 
absence of all trace of the primitive joint (fig. 3, s); the blind end of the incisive sockets 
is shown at 77. ‘These teeth, with their sockets, have been broken away with the rest 
of the symphysis. 
The outer surface of the ramus (PI. II. fig. 1) presents a corresponding difference of 
conformation to that noted on the inner surface, in comparison with the portion of 
mandible referred to P. azael. Besides the minor vertical extent beneath d 4 and m 3, 
the upper concavity and lower convexity of the outer wall are more marked. The fore 
border of the coronoid plate, g, rises more abruptly and at a more forward position 
than in P. azael. 
Finally, accepting the evidence of specific distinction between the present mandible 
and teeth and those of P. azael, the question arises whether the subject of plate cyi. 
op. cit. has been rightly allotted to the species represented by the upper jaw and 
teeth in plate xcvil. (op. cit.). 
The first test is afforded by the penultimate grinder (m2) of the present fossil 
(Pl. Il. fig. 4); it is conspicuously larger than either the tooth which precedes or that 
which follows in the series. In the type upper jaw of P. azael m2 is of the same 
antero-posterior size as m1 and m3; if there is a difference, it is rather smaller. 
I infer that the upper m2 of the species represented by the present mandible would 
show a corresponding proportional superiority of size as compared with m1 and m2; 
and I conclude, therefore, that the portion of mandible figured in pl. cvi. op. cit. 
has been rightly referred to P. azael, and that thé present specimen indicates a 
distinct species of that rare and remarkable genus. 
The original cranial fossil of Palorchestes was obtained from a freshwater deposit of 
yellowish sand and clay with very small shells in the Province of Victoria ; its massive, 
heavy, much petrified condition are also noted *. 
Such is the fossilized condition of the subject of the present paper; it was obtained 
from fluviatile deposits in the bed of a “ creek,” at Gowrie, Queensland. 
The following are admeasurements of the fossil above described :— 
inches. lines. 
Length of the portion of mandible . ......9 0 
Depth below m2 : 3 3 
Thickness two inches below m2 op (a) ee 9 
Depth of symphysis behind incisive sockets. . . . . 1 10 
Longitudinal extent of last three molars . 3 7 
1 Researches on the Fossil Remains of the Extinct Mammals of Australia, vol. i. pp. 259-272, pls. xxxviil., 
xxxix., xli., xii. 
2 Op. cit. p. 465. 
VOL. xI.—PpakT I. No. 2.—January, 1880. c 
