THE SKULL IN THE CHAMELEONS. 99 
The Endocranium of the Dwarf’ Chameleon. 
The endocranium, on the whole, is quite like that of the last kind. The occipital 
condyle (oc. ¢) is large and projecting; it is suboval, with its long diameter transverse. 
The basioccipital (4.0) is hollow beneath, projects externally, and is widest in front. 
The exoccipitals (¢.0) are confluent with the opisthotics (op); but the nerve-passages (1x, 
X) are their landmarks. So, also, the supraoccipital (s.0) is confluent with the epiotic ; 
it sends up a much smaller crest to meet the less-modified interparietal region. The 
foramen magnum (fig. 4, fm) is pyriform ; it is much elongated upwards. The parotic 
processes (op) are much shorter than in C. vulgaris; the posterior canal (p.s.¢) is seen 
to be largely imbedded in the opisthotic ; its upper part, which passes into the tube of 
the anterior canal (fig. 5, a. s.c, p. s.¢), lies in the epiotic (ep). 
The prootic (fig. 5, pr.o) contains most of the anterior and horizontal canals (h. s. ¢) ; and 
the side view shows the whole occipito-otic region to be very limited, and shaped like 
an hourglass. 
A lanceolate space, nearly as large as the combined occipital and periotic regions, lies 
in front of them, naked of cartilage and of bone (al.s. f'). The oblique band of cartilage 
passing in front of this “ fenestra,” and leaning forwards, is the alisphenoid (al.s) ; two 
thirds of its lower half is ossified as a shaft-bone; below it is continuous with the basi- 
sphenoid, and in front, at the middle, with the orbito- and presphenoid. The roof- 
bone (7.p) rests upon its somewhat dilated top. The basisphenoid (figs. 2, 4, & 5, 0.8) is 
a large two-winged bone, narrowing from before backwards, crescentically emarginate 
behind, and bifid in front ; it has large, dilated, descending basipterygoid wings (6.p9), 
and above is scooped for the pituitary body. This bone articulates with the basi- 
occipital behind, the prootics at its sides, and the small parasphenoid in front. 
There is a triangular notch between the ali- and orbito-sphenoids, a large common 
optic passage (11), and an oblique pyriform interorbital fenestra (i.0.f), as in the 
Common kind and in many other of the Lacertiiia. The orbito-sphenoid wings (0.s) are 
not large; the common orbito-nasal septum (p.s, p. ¢) rapidly lessens forwards; there is 
no definite bony tract in front of the optic passage. 
The Inferior Arches of the Dwarf Chameleon. 
These parts are very similar to what I have described in the Common species. The 
quadrate (g) has a definite otic process and pedicle (ot.p, pd); the articulare (ar) is 
well ossified ; and the postmandibular arches, like the mandible itself, are a mere 
miniature of what is to be seen in the Common kind. 
Comparison of the Sxutt of the CaaMELeon with that of other Lacertitia, especially 
the typical LAcERTA. 
Leaving out the Chameleon, the types whose skulls are most unlike are Lacerta and 
