264 PROF. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
so that three months may be given as the full time required for the development of the 
embryo, which is probably one third longer than is required in the case of the Brush- 
Turkey (Zalegalla). 
Bibliography’. 
1. Gray, J. E., F.R.S.—“ Synopsis of recent Crocodilians,” Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. vi. 
plates xxxi—xxxiv. pp. 125-169. 
2. Huxuey, T. H., F.R.S.—Elements of Comparative Anatomy, 1864, pp. 219-237. 
3. Huxiey, T. H., F.R.S.—* On the Representatives of the Malleus and Incus of the 
Mammalia in the other Vertebrata,” Proc. Zool. Soc. May 27, 1869, pp. 391-407. 
4. Huxuey, T. H., F.R.S.—Anatomy of the Vertebrata, 1871, pp. 249-259. 
5. Mraut, Prof. L. C.—Studies in Comparative Anatomy. No. 1. The Skull of the 
Crocodile. London: Macmillan and Co., 1878. 
6. Owen, Ricuarp, F.R.S.— On the Communications between the Cavity of the 
Tympanum and the Palate in the Crocodilia,” Phil. Trans. 1859, part 2. 
. Owen, RicuarD, F.R.S.—Descriptive Catalogue of the Osteological Series con- 
tained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, vol. 1. 
1853, pp. 151-167. 
8. Prrers, Dr. W. H.—‘“ Das tiber die Gehérknéchelchen und den Meckel’schen 
Knorpel bei den Crocodilen,” Monatsbericht d. Berl. Akad. d. Wiss. 1868, 
pp- 592-598, pl. 1. 
9. Ratuxe, Dr. Hernricu.—Untersuchungen iiber der Entwickelung und den Kér- 
perbau der Krokodile. Brunswick, 1866. 
—I 
The skulls of other reptiles worked out by me (the Snake, Phil. Trans. 1878, part 2; 
the Lizard, Phil. Trans. 1879, part 2; and the Green Turtle, ‘Challenger’ Reports, 
Zoology, vol. i. part 5) are not of themselves sufficient for comparison with that of the 
Crocodile; that of the Bird and of the Mammal are quite necessary before its meaning 
and uses can be understood. 
Moreover, as the Saaropsida are built upon the foundation of the Amphibia and 
Fishes (Ichthyopsida) it is before all things necessary that the skull in one or the 
other of those Branchiate types be taken as a measure or pattern with which to compare 
that of this highly specialized Abranchiate form. 
For now, in the ascent of the types, the more or less ossified chondrocranium is 
almost buried under the well-compacted framework of superficial bones, and the once 
capacious respiratory pharynx is reduced to a funnel-shaped vestibule of the digestive 
1 Tn this list I make no pretension to completeness. The works and papers are just such as served me in my 
special research. 
Since this paper was read, an important memoir has appeared on the anatomy of the Crocodile, viz. 
“Recherches sur Voreille moyenne des Crocodiliens et ses communications multiples ayec le pharynx,” by 
Edouard van Beneden (Archives de Biologie, vol. iii. plates 20-22, pp. 487-560: 1882). 
