596 DR. F. LEUTHNER ON THE ODONTOLABINI. 
Afterwards, when I studied the multifarious and puzzling literature of the subject, 
J arrived at the following conclusions :— 
(1) Only the largest and apparently most highly developed form (Pl. LXX XIX. 
fig. 1), of which there was but one specimen in the series, agreed with Lucanus 
dua, Westw.', the type of which is in the British Museum (Pl. LX XXIX. fig. 2), and 
measures 43 inches in length; it was brought by Cuming from Manilla. “This 
insect,” says Westwood (J. c.), “is very closely allied to Lucanus alces, but that species 
has a strong tooth at the base of the mandibles on the inside. Dr. Burmeister has 
indeed appended a note to the specimen in the British Museum collection affirming it 
to be a variety of that species. Iam well aware of the very variable size of the teeth 
of the mandibles in the Lucani which has induced this opinion, but as it appears to me 
to be a fixed principle that gigantic male specimens of any of the cornuted insects 
should have the horns and teeth developed to excess, I can scarcely think that the 
insect before us ought to be referred to a species, the ordinarily smaller males of which 
are more strongly armed with teeth than the specimen here figured.” 
Some time afterwards I had an opportunity of examining Westwood’s type in the 
British Museum, and saw another specimen in Major Parry’s collection. I met with a 
fourth in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, and have been informed that 
there are several other specimens in different private collections. 
(2) It was obvious that about forty specimens, differing a little in size, but which 
all possessed a strongly developed tooth in the middle of the mandible (Pl. LXX XIX. 
fig. 5), agreed with Lucanus alces, Fabr.®, the description of which is as follows:— 
“Caput magnum, atrum, utrinque sinuatum, depressum, fronte retusa; maxille [mandi- 
bulee] exsertz capite longiores apice compressve, quadridentat, et in medio interno dente 
valdissimo armatz. Corpus Lucano cervo majus, nigrum, glabrum; thorax utrinque 
bidentatus.” 
Fabricius quotes Petiver®, who figured the head of a gigantic specimen as long ago 
as 1702. I saw Petiver’s rare book, and also his original specimen, in the British 
Museum. Olivier* amplifies the Fabrician description as follows :—“ Les mandibules 
sont plus longues que la téte; elles sont arquées, comprimées a leur extrémité, armées 
d’une trés grosse dent vers le milieu et de quatre dentelures 4 leur extrémité, dont 
quelques-unes paroissent se diviser en dessus.” He figures this form so correctly that 
it could not be mistaken for any other. 
(3) The third form (Pl. LXXXIX. fig. 5), which is connected with the preceding by 
intermediate specimens, has a series of three or four irregular teeth at the base of the 
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1841) vol. viii. p. 124; Cab. Or. Ent. p. 17, pl. viii. fig. 1 (1848). 
? Syst. Ent. p. 1, n. 1 (1775). 
* «Jacobi Petiveri Opera historiam naturalem spectantia,’ or ‘Gazophylacium,’ vol. i. London, mpccxxtv. 
pl. xlvii. fig. 15 (reprinted from the original work). 
4 Entomologie, i. (1) p. 8, pl. ii. fig. 3a, b. 
