THE GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY'S ALASKAN EXPEDITION 



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THI; MALASPINA GLACIER, THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD OUTSIDE THE 



POLAR REGIONS 



It is larger than Rhode Island or the eastern half of Massachusetts. The distances are shown 

 by the location of the cities of Boston, Worcester, Gardner, Brockton, Cohasset, etc. 



In eastern Prince William Sound \^al- 

 dez glacier is the most famous of the 

 glacier highways, and was traversed in 

 the years of the gold rushes by four or 

 five thousand prospectors. 



The city of Valdez was located here 

 because this ice-filled pass was possible 

 to cross, and the exact location is deter- 

 mined by the head of ocean navigation 

 on the fiord and a convenient plain built 

 by glacial streams. Not long ago the 

 city was threatened by floods from these 

 same glacial streams. The glacier high- 

 way is no longer utilized, but the town- 

 site is an equally convenient terminus to 

 the government telegraph line, trail, and 

 wagon road, several proposed railways, 

 and the winter mail route to the Fair- 

 banks gold camps on the Tanana River. 



The enterprise of Valdez citizens has 

 provided an automobile service between 



the town and the glacier, and on days of 

 steamer visits the automobile makes 

 many trips over the four-mile roadway 

 that connects the glacier and dock. This 

 is probably the only place in the world 

 where automobile service over a glacial 

 outwash plain takes the traveler to the 

 very edge of an ice tongue. 



The Shoup glacier, near by on Valdez 

 fiord, is utilized by the United States 

 Army as an ice-house, the soldiers from 

 Fort Liscum, across the bay from Val- 

 dez, filling a lighter periodically with 

 small icebergs from this glacier and tow- 

 ing them ten miles to the fort. 



FORESTS DESTROYED BY ADVANCING 

 GLACIERS 



Around the Columbia glacier, as near 

 the Lucia glacier of Yakutat Bay, the 

 advance of the glacier into mature for- 



