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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



supplies as they marched across from 

 the Yalu to Liaoyang. After the war, 

 it continued to run as it was, with ter- 

 rific grades, switchbacks instead of tun- 

 nels, and rolling-stock of the simplest. 

 It was intended to maintain communica- 

 tion only until such time as the improve- 

 ments being concluded on the main line 

 of the South Manchurian Railway, there 

 should then be chance to reconstruct the 

 line, make it a real railway, give it a few 

 tunnels and some rolling-stock. The 

 work is now in hand, and will be com- 

 pleted in 191 1. 



It traverses a most picturesque coun- 

 try, all hills and valleys and winding 

 rivers — an old country with ruined for- 

 tresses and pagodas, valleys packed with 

 waving crops, and terrace culture to the 

 hilltops. The few adventurous tourists 

 who have made the trip in the funny 

 little springless cars, who have survived 

 the hotel at Antung, and forgotten the 

 half-way house in the hill country where 

 one night was spent, are enthusiastic 

 over the region. 



THK Japanese; have rEchristened 



DAENY 



Dalny, "far away," has been rechris- 

 tened Tairen, and is a wonderful place. 

 De Witte's city has felt the touch of 

 Japanese progress and sanitary science, 

 while the Good Roads movement, the 

 Village Beautification societies may find 

 object lessons there. Tairen has changed 

 its face as well as its name, and is a city 

 redeemed, where the steam roller has 

 rolled continuously for three years, and 

 heard the rolling of other steam rollers 

 as they progressed over the beds of 

 broken stone that are fast transforming 

 Kwangtung mud sinks and clay bogs 

 into smooth park roadways. A film of 

 green on the hillsides shows where af- 

 forestation's miracle has begun its work. 



The Russians left their droschkies, the 

 Japanese brought their jinrikishas, and 

 have since provided electric cars, more 

 luxurious and up-to-date than some of 

 the green chariots that are propelled 

 through the streets of Washington. 



The Japanese are not pulling the jin- 



rikishas, driving the vehicles, or doing- 

 any such manual labor in Manchuria. 

 They are the employers of labor — and 

 labor in unlimited supply comes over from 

 Chefoo. Fifty thousand husky Shan- 

 tung coolies cross over to this land of 

 silver and opportunity as to a lesser 

 America each year, and return after the 

 harvest is gathered and outdoor work is 

 suspended for the winter. 



A CITY OF EXPERTS AND SPECIAEISTS 



Tairen is a city of experts — of high- 

 priced experts and specialists in all tech- 

 nical lines — and nearly all of them are 

 grad^c .3 of American institutions. 

 Brick works, cement works, mills, and 

 factories fringe the town, and a palace 

 of a bank, as splendid as anything in 

 Washington, gives the humblest all the 

 marble, and mosaic, black iron and plate 

 glass a depositor is supposed to want. 

 A wonderful Japanese laboratory at 

 Tairen is always discovering something 

 for the benefit of Manchuria, undertak- 

 ing new and stimulating and increasing 

 the older industries of the province. 



The insatiable young scientists and 

 technologists assure one that, after beans, 

 wild silk or pongee is the future great 

 crop of Manchuria. The silkworms, fed 

 on the leaves of oak trees instead of 

 mulberry, produce the thread for pongee 

 or tussur silk. Besides the steadily in- 

 creasing demand for pongee as clothing 

 in China, Europe, and America, pongee 

 is the best material for the wings of 

 flying machines and the bodies of dirigi- 

 bles, and the Chefoo market was stripped 

 last year after the great flight of the 

 aeroplane across the English Channel. 

 As we will all be flying on wings of 

 pongee in a few years, it becomes a mat- 

 ter of interest that the world's supply of 

 pongee should be increased. 



Beans are the great crop, however, and 

 by beans alone Manchuria could live and 

 supply the world. The bean plant should 

 be the crest, the symbol, the coat-of-arms 

 of Manchuria. It is a fortunate thing 

 that there is one great food crop that 

 never fails, and that can be depended 

 upon to feed us when land gets too scarce 



