34 CRATER LAKE, OREGON 



and Mr Bentley, who, in 1872, with Captain 0. C. Applegate, of 

 Modoc war fame, and three others, made a boat trip along its 

 borders and named several of the prominences on the rim after 

 members of the party.* Mrs F. F. Victor saw the lake in 1873 

 and briefly describes it in "Atlantis Arisen." t 



The first Geological Survey party visited the lake in 1883, 

 when Everett Hayden and the writer, after spending several 

 days in examining the rim, tumbled logs over the cliffs to the 

 water's edge, lashed them together with ropes to make a raft, 

 and paddled over to the island. In 1886, under the direction of 

 Captain (now Major) C. E. Dutton, many soundings of the lake 

 were made by W. G. Steel, and a topographic map of the vicinit}' 

 was prepared by Mark B. Kerr and Eugene Ricksecker. Dut- 

 ton was the first to discover the more novel and salient features 

 in the geological history of the lake, of which he has given, for 

 his entertaining pen, an all too brief account.t 



Under the inspiration of the " Mazamas," a society of moun- 

 tain climbers at Portland, Oregon, of whose work an account is 

 given in this magazine (page 58), a more extended study of the 

 lake has just been made by government parties from the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, the Fish Commission, and the Geological 

 Survey. 



Crater lake is deeply set in the summit of the Cascade range, 

 about 65 miles north of the California line. As yet it may be ^ 

 reached only by private conveyance over about 80 miles of 

 mountain roads from Ashland, Medford, or Gold Hill, on the 

 Southern Pacific railroad, in the Rogue River valle.y of southern 

 Oregon. This valley marks the line between the Klamath moun- 

 tains of the Coast range on the west and the Cascade range on 

 the east. The journe}'' from the railroad to Crater lake affords 

 a good opportunity to observe some of the most important 

 features of this great pile of lavas. The Cascade range in south- 

 ern Oregon is a broad irregular platform, terminating rather 

 abruptly in places upon its borders, especially to the westward, 

 where the underlying Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments come 

 to the surface. It is surmounted by volcanic cones and coulees, 

 which are generally smooth, but sometimes rough and rugged. 



"♦The names Watchman, Glacier, Llao, and Vidae, which appear on the map of the 

 lake, have recently been adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. 



t "Atlantis Arisen," by Mrs Frances Fuller Victor, p. 179. 



t Science, vol. 7, 1886, pp. 179-182, and Eighth Annual Repoit of the U. S. Geological 

 Survey, pp. 156-159. 



