MOUNT ST. IIELESS L>2<) 



the surface of the Lava. East of the lava run is a hold stream 

 with several branches, some connn<!; from the snow and some 

 from a swamp east of south from the mountains. Tiie hlack 

 Lava spreads out like a Ian on this side. Where it stoi>s the 

 slopes are covered with boulders, and as the hiirh «?round to tlje 

 south arrests the flow of volcanic sand, etc., and is fdlcd in, a 

 comparatively level swamp is formed, with streams flowing into 

 Big creek on one side and Pine creek on the other. Northeast 

 of the lava and nearly due east of the summit the mo.st consid- 

 era])le glacier on the mountain is found. The glacial stream 

 issuing from it flows through boulders, ashes, pumice-stone, etc., 

 as a dirty stream for about three miles, when it sinks with liigii 

 banks of volcanic sand on l)oth sides, ))ut soon appears as a clear 

 stream, between very high, white, sand banks, until witldn a few 

 miles of Lewis river, where the volcanic deposits disappear. 



Going to the northeast and across Pine creek you find a suc- 

 cession of buttes that form the watershed between Pine creek 

 and the Big JNIudd}', and also act as a barrier for the sand and 

 l)umice-stone, now very plentiful, that has formed a nearly level 

 and l)arren i)lateau between the base of the mountain cone and 

 the tops of the buttes. Two small stream.s — one clear, the other 

 muddy — run gently over the level and, having joined, i)itch over 

 the steep slope and join the Big Muddy. To the north of the 

 hills a third stream flows down from the ice and snow and finds 

 its way also to the Big Muddy. Northeast of the mountain 

 the deposit of sand, ashes, and pumice-stone is greater than on 

 any other side. This deposit, passing to the north and keeping 

 west of the high ground of the original formation, has formed a 

 dam across a canon, and the result has been Spirit lake, a deep 

 and quite considerable l)ody of water. The outlet over the dam 

 is known as Toutle river. Following down Toutle river from 

 the lake, the flow at first is very gentle, then a shallow jiond is 

 formed about a quarter of a mile long, and below that the stream 

 gets more ra))id, but remains clear until about two miles below the 

 lake, where a muddy stream comes in from the mountain. One 

 mile further down a second stream comes in from near the base 

 of the mountain. Leaving the river on what is called the Spirit 

 Lake trail, through dense underbrush and pine thickets, you 

 pass l)elow the lower edge of a run of lava from the nortlieast 

 side of the mountain and across a swanq), formed as before by 

 volcanic agencies; also across two small streams, from springs 

 below the lava, and climbing steadily up, over ground covert?d 



