230 GEOGRAPHIC LITERATURE 



with boulders and heavy timber, the edge of the canon of the 

 South Toutle is reached. The north side of the canon is of fine 

 white sand, and is very steep and hard to chmb. The South 

 Toutle flows from under a glacier in plain view, and runs in a 

 bed of boulders directly toward the point where the trail first 

 strikes the edge of the canon, then turns more to the west and 

 with a constantl}'' widening bed of sand and rocks, filling the 

 original canon to a width of a half mile or more, the stream 

 flows sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other. The water 

 occasionally forms a dam in one of its temporary beds among 

 the rocks, and having gathered sufficient head, bursts the dam 

 and comes down, bringing large boulders with it. After leaving 

 the South Toutle and passing over high ground a second and 

 smaller caiion is crossed, with a bold stream running from the 

 mountain into South Toutle, then up to a high bench and down 

 to Cold Springs, which crops out under the lava and flows toward 

 Goat mountain and finally into Toutle river. 



The circuit of the mountain on the lower levels is now com- 

 plete. At the summit of the mountain the highest point is bare 

 rock. South ofeast and also north of east are two other bare 

 points ; the intervening space is covered with snow, and between 

 the two easterly points the largest glacier issues, from which Pine 

 creek runs. Almost directly north of the head of this glacier and 

 across the northern point of rocks the second glacier begins, the 

 water from it flowing into the North Toutle, and northwest of 

 the highest point is the third glacier, the source of the South 

 Toutle. 



Snow falls to a great depth over all this country in winter, but 

 in early summer the warm rains and hot sun melt the snow very 

 rapidly and the black lava on the mountain, to its very summit, 

 is exposed in streaks radiating from a common center. 



GEOGRAPHIC LITERATURE 



Magnetic Declination in the United States. By Henry Gannett. From the 

 Seventeenth Annual Report of the U. .8. Geological Survey. Washing- 

 ton, 1896. Pp. 203-440, with map of the United States showing the 

 lines of equal magnetic declination for the year 1900. 



This memoir of 237 pages sets forth and discusses the data used in mak- 

 ing the magnetic map which accompanies it. This map, whereon the 

 curves of equal declination or isogonic lines for the year 1900 are shown, 



