162 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. LIV. No. 1391 



the Yale and of the John Hopkins Schools of 

 Public Health are doctors of medicine. 



May I point out then in conclusion that 

 there are a number of fields of human en- 

 deavor that have been largely or entirely over- 

 looked in efforts to present the scope of public 

 health? They overlap each other and the 

 fields already recognized. 



The whole field of social economics has been 

 notably neglected. The study of poverty, care 

 of dependents, the question of housing from 

 the standpoint of the inhabitant; some con- 

 ception of city government, and the labor 

 problem may be mentioned as contributory in 

 this training. 



Further consideration of industrial hygiene 

 is necessary not simply from the standpoint 

 of occupational diseases and accident preven- 

 tion but from the aspect of labor education 

 and efficiency. 



There is a group of studies that may be 

 included under mental hygiene: psychology; 

 abnormal psychology ; criminology, the studies 

 of vice, and delinquency. Closely related 

 thereto are the endeavors in child hygiene and 

 child welfare, eugenics, juvenile court work 

 and the like. 



Somewhere in the scheme I am sure should 

 come certain aspects of physical education 

 as a building method of the healthy mind and 

 body. And perhaps, as Vincent has suggested, 

 we should consider some forms at least of 

 proper publicity and education of the masses 

 in the results of public health work. 



The whole business of public health action 

 then seems dependent on those who have spe- 

 cialized information in any one of the nu- 

 merous branches that have and will comprise 

 it. The further development of this art 

 depends on those with successively larger 

 visions of what's wrong with the world. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1. Southard, E. E. The Kingdom of Evil: Ad- 



vantages of an Orderly Approach in Social 

 Case Analyses. Proc. Nat. Conf. of Social 

 Work. Pamphlet No. 179, 1918. 



2. Vincent, G. E. Public Health Training in Uni- 



versities. Jour. A. M. A., 1917, 68, p. 

 1013. 



3. Winslow, C.-E. A. The TJntilled Fields of Pub- 



lie Health. Science, 1920, 51, p. 23. 



4. FerreU, J. A. Careers in Public Health Serv- 



ice. Jov,r. A. M. A., 1921, 76, p. 489. 



5. Sedgwick, W. T. Modern Medicine and the 



Public Health. Public Health Reports, 

 1921, 36, p. 109. 



6. Eosenau, M. J. Preventive Medicine and Hy- 



giene. Appleton & Co., 1913. 



7. Park, W. H. Public Health and Hygiene. Lea 



and Febiger, 1921. 



8. Abel, R. Handbueh der Praktischen Hygiene. 



Fischer, 1913. 



Frederick P. Gat 

 Univeksity of California 



THE ABORIGINAL POPULATION OF 

 CALIFORNIA' 



The only attempt to compute the aboriginal 

 population of California is that of C. Hart 

 Merriam in the American Anthropologist for 

 1905. His figure of 260,000 was obtained thus: 

 In 1834 there were 30,000 converted Indians 

 at the Missions. The addition of unconverted 

 Indians within the Mission area would make 

 40,000. The population at the Missions had 

 suffered a decline; correct therefore to 50,000 

 for aboriginal times. The Missionized area 

 embraced one fifth of the habitable area of the 

 state. The total would be 250,000; to which 

 add 10,000 in the mountains and deserts. 



This computation appears to err on the side 

 of the area tapped by the Missions, which 

 should be estimated at one third rather than 

 one fifth of the total, reducing the result to 

 150,000 or 160,000. 



Calculations gradually made during the past 

 twenty years suggest a still lower figure, 

 133,000. This is the aggregate of the closest 

 possible estimates which can be made for in- 

 dividual tribes and groups. For instance, a 

 close survey of the Turok shows them in- 

 habiting between 50 and 55 settlements at the 

 time of discovery. The houses averaged 6 per 

 settlement, the inmates Y.5 per house. The 

 total of approximately 2,500 for the Turok, 

 together with less complete data on number 



1 Abstract of a paper presented before the 

 Section of Anthropology, American Association 

 for the Advancement of Science, Chicago. 



