December 16, 1921] 



SCIENCE 



595 



research and instruction naturally have not 

 developed courses from the historical side, 

 although the individual instructors may be 

 quite well versed in the subject. Then again, 

 the answers received indicate that even 

 among these men the distinction between so- 

 called " popular " science and fundamental 

 science is by no means clear. 



Lest offence be taken by teachers of politi- 

 cal and social history, it should be empha- 

 sized that no consideration has been given 

 here to their admirable work in tracing the 

 development of human thought and of their 

 growing appreciation of the influence of sci- 

 entific progress on all history. Their coopera- 

 tion is needed at every turn — in developing 

 the special methods of historical research 

 suitable for scientific work — in creating a 

 greater demand for such history, and in pro- 

 ducing the literature which may satisfy the 

 new needs. 



The various sug'gestions here made are 

 given for what they are worth. Few points 

 of procedure have been indicated as wholly 

 preferable. They are all the testimony of 

 the men and women whose vision has led 

 them into the struggle to add this true side 

 of history — and of science — to those already 

 in the schools, for it is human history, as well 

 as history of science. 



My sincere thanks are extended to all who 

 have submitted their views on any phases of 

 this question. Certain aspects of the in- 

 vestigation will constitute material for re- 

 ports elsewhere. 



E. H. Johnson 



Kenton College, 

 Gambier, Ohio 



THE EXPEDITION TO TRINIDAD FOR 

 THE STUDY OF HOOK- 

 WORM DISEASE 1 



An expedition for the study of the life of 

 hookworm eggs and larvffi in the soil was 

 sent out by the department of medical zo- 

 ology of the School of Hygiene and Public 



1 A full account of the results of the work of this 

 expedition will appear in a series of articles in the 

 American Journal of Hygiene. 



Health of the Johns Hopkins University to 

 carry on investigations in Trinidad, British 

 West Indies, during the summer of 1921.- 

 The expenses of the expedition were paid by 

 the International Health Board of the Rocke- 

 feller Foundation. The International Health 

 Board through the Trinidad Ankylostomia- 

 sis Commission and the Trinidad government 

 cooperated with work of the expedition. The 

 party from the United States sailed from 

 iWew York on May 5 and returned on Sep- 

 tember 17. The expedition was under the 

 direction of Dr. William W. Cort of Johns 

 Hopkins University, and worked in coopera- 

 tion with Dr. George C. Payne, the director 

 foi- Trinidad of the International Health 

 Board, who also took an active part in the 

 investigations. The others who took part in 

 the investigfttions were Dr. James E. Ack- 

 ert, of the Kansas State Agricultural College, 

 Dr. Florence King Payne, of Trinidad, and 

 Mr. Donald L. Augustine, of Johns Hopkins 

 University. Much of the scientific equip- 

 ment was shipped from the United States 

 and some was borrowed from the Trinidad 

 Ankylostomiasis Commission. The work was 

 carried out at Princes Town, which is in the 

 south central part of the island, in an area 

 where sugar-cane cultivation predominates. 

 Over seventy per cent, of the people of this 

 region are infested with hookworms. This 

 high incidence of hookworm disease and the 

 close coordination with the control campaign 

 served to suggest problems for work and to 

 give an abundance of material. A private 

 residence w.ts rented for a laboratory and 

 fitted out with the necessary equipment. A 

 large space under this house was utilized 

 for animal pens and laboratory space. The 

 yard surrounding the house was also used in 

 a number of the outdoor experiments. 



The investigations of the Trinidad expedi- 

 tion were centered around the study of the 

 phase of the life of the hookworm which is 

 passed outside the human body. An effec- 

 tive attack en the problems of the life of the 

 larvse in the soil was made possible by the 

 utilization of an apparatus invented by 

 Baermann, which makes it possible to iso- 



