December 23, 1921] 



SCIENCE 



639 



Congo Red, show permanent change due to fading 

 after actions of acid. When alkalis are used in 

 finishing, enough should be used to last a year or 

 more. Alkali sensitive dyes should be finished in 

 the acid condition. Dyes fast to acid and alkali 

 are safest. 



Eelation of chemical structure to dyeing proper- 

 ties : "Warren N. Watson. 



Special cost features and their relation to the 

 development of owr organic chemical industry: 

 Gaston DdBois. 



The effect of dye structure on dye adsorp- 

 tion: Leon W. Parsons and W. A. MoKim. 

 Some preliminary results which were obtained dur- 

 ing the course of an extended investigation now 

 being conducted on the relation between the struc- 

 ture of dyes and their adsorption constants are dis- 

 cussed. Data have been obtained regarding the con- 

 stants of adsorption in the ease of the following 

 water-soluble dyes when equilibrated with wool at 

 constant temperature — picric acid, eosin, erythro- 

 sine, brilliant green, malachite green, ponceau 2G, 

 ponceau 4GB, chromotrope 2E, and ehromotrope 2B. 

 In all cases, the equilibrium points obtained are 

 found to be well represented by the Freundlioh 

 adsorption equation. A close similarity in struc- 

 ture between dyes within a certain ehromophoric 

 classification gives practically the same value for 

 1/n, one .of the Freuudlieh constants, whereas a 

 wider diiferenoe in structure is accompanied by a 

 corresponding tendency toward divergence in the 

 value of 1/n. Some interesting results have been 

 obtained regarding the effect on adsorption of load- 

 ing the pure dyes with various amounts of sodium 

 sulfate. 



Is an export trade necessary to the dye indus- 

 try?: J. Merritt Matthews. 



Preparation of amino-phenol-sulfonio acid iy the 

 chloro-ieneene method: Joseph E. Minevitch. 

 Amino-phenol-sulfonic acid (2: 1: 4) is best pre- 

 pared by reducing the corresponding nitro-phenol- 

 sulfonic acid with either acid or alkali reducing 

 agents, depending upon the medium in which the 

 nitro body is last obtained. A successful manufac- 

 turing process would, therefore, largely be based 

 upon the ease with and small cost at which the 

 nitro compound can be produced in large quantities. 

 There are four other possible methods for its manu- 

 facture but the chloro-benzene process gives the 

 highest yield and at a vastly cheaper cost. The 

 paper will consist of a discussion of experimental 

 results and will give directions for preparation. 



The future of research in the dye industry: M. 

 L. Crosslet. Research is of vital importance to 

 the dye industry. Men must be carefully selected 

 and thoroughly trained. It is of the utmost im- 

 portance that only those giving promise of research 

 ability and possessing the capacity for the develop- • 

 ment of the spirit of research should be selected. 

 To depend upon ' ' the law of the survival of the 

 fittest " to eliminate the unfit is economically 

 wasteful and dangerous. A grave responsibility 

 rests upon our educational institutioua for the selec- 

 tion and training of men to direct and carry on the 

 future activities of our industries. The training 

 for research must be thorough. Herein, our system 

 of education is weak. There must be greater appre- 

 ciation of the contribution of research to the prog- 

 ress of industry before research will be correctly 

 evaluated. The compensation of the research man 

 must be commensurate with his service to the in- 

 dustry, if the best men are to be encouraged to 

 serve in this field. The future of the dye industry 

 in this country will depend upon our ability to de- 

 velop able research men and upon our willingness 

 to adequately appreciate the contribution of re- 

 search to the progress of the industry. 



The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of 

 dyestuffs: Robert E. Rose. Determining the value 

 of dyestuffs is an art as complex as that of the 

 gem expert. The dye tester must compare different 

 colors so closely that he is able to tell the difference 

 produced by 1/32 of an ounce of color in 1000 lbs. 

 of material. He must do this on a little sample, 

 weighing 1/14 to 1/3 oz., that is, he actually sees 

 the difference produced by adding or subtracting 

 1/10,000,000 of an ounce of the dyestuffs in the 

 field of vision. In the matter of shade he must 

 cheek one lot of dye against another and not pass 

 any two .that vary perceptibly to the ordinary eye. 

 If he is asked to do so, he must be ready to match 

 colors just as exactly. 



A method for the use of metal sensitive chrome 

 colors in iron machines : Francis C. Telen. 



The present status of the domestic coal-tar prod- 

 uct industry : C. R. de Long. 



DIVISION OP water, sewage AND SANITATION 



W. P. Mason, Chairman 



W. W. Skinner, Secretary 

 Investigations of the chemical reactions in water 

 purification, using the hydrogen electrode: A. M. 

 BuswELL. Titration curves with carbonates of so- 

 dium, magnesium and calcium, using a strong acid, 

 show that the shape and position of the curve is 



