July 27, 1917] 



SCIENCE 



85 



layers and waves; (6) local convectional cur- 

 rents, essentially vertical, due to thermal con- 

 trols: causes and conditions; (c) effects of 

 topography upon air movements, combining 

 both horizontal and vertical elements, due to 

 mechanical controls : effects of friction, topog- 

 raphy, and character of surface; vertical and 

 horizontal movements in general in relation 

 to flight. 



Weather Forecasting : Exjjlanation of daily 

 weather map; principles of forecasting ex- 

 plained by reference to type maps, for United 

 States and for Europe; general characteristics 

 of cyclones and anticyclones; trades; veloci- 

 ties of progression. 



Non-Instrumental Local Forecasts: Baro- 

 metric tendency; veering and backing winds; 

 changes in wind velocity; weather proverbs. 



Clouds: Types; cloud classification; methods 

 of determining cloud heights and velocities, 

 and results ; value as weather prognostics ; fair 

 and wet weather clouds; fog, special con- 

 sideration of cumulus and cumulo-nimbus. 



Forecasts of Wind Velocity and Direction 

 Aloft: Direct observation by means of pilot 

 balloons, kites and cloud movements; direc- 

 tions of cloud movements in cyclonic and anti- 

 cyclonic systems in the United States and in 

 Europe ; estimates based on surface conditions 

 and on general knowledge of upper air cur- 

 rents ; " gradient wind ; " diurnal variation in 

 wind velocity and direction; changes due to 

 progression of cyclones and anticyclones ; wind 

 and cloud directions and night flying. 



Favorable and Unfavorahle Weather for 

 Flying: "Wind; clouds; haze, etc. 



Lahoratory Work is given at Blue Hill Ob- 

 servatory (10 hours) by Alexander G. McAdie, 

 Abbott Lawrence Botch, professor of meteor- 

 ology. Harvard University, and director of the 

 Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, Read- 

 ville, Mass. 



THE DANIEL GIRAUD ELLIOT MEDAL 



At a meeting of the council of the National 

 Academy of Sciences, held June 19, 1916, the 

 gift of Miss Margaret Henderson Elliot of 

 $8,000 to establish a fund in memory of her 

 father, Daniel Giraud Elliot, was accepted. 

 This money was given to be held in trust and 



invested in order that there should be an in- 

 come annually for a medal to be known as the 

 Daniel Giraud Elliot Gold Medal, and an 

 honorarium to be awarded by the National 

 Academy of Sciences. 



The conditions under which the gift is to be 

 administered are contained in the following 

 two paragraphs of the deed of gift : 



One such medal and diploma shall be given in 

 each year and they, with any unexpended balance 

 of income for the year, shall be awarded by the 

 said National Academy of Sciences to the author of 

 such paper, essay or other work upon some branch 

 of zoology or paleontology published during the 

 year as in the opinion of the persons, or a major- 

 ity of the persons, hereinafter appointed to be the 

 judges in that regard, shall be the most meritorious 

 and worthy of honor. The medal and diploma and 

 surplus income shall not, however, for more than 

 two years successively, be awarded for treatises 

 upon any one branch of either of the sciences above 

 mentioned. Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, of 

 New York, the scientific director of the American 

 Miiseum of Natural History in New York City 

 and the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute at 

 Washington for the time being, are appointed as 

 such judges. Vacancies at any time occurring in 

 the number of the judges shall be filled by the 

 council of the said National Academy of Sciences, 

 and in each case of a vacancy it is the wish of the 

 said Margaret Henderson Elliot that the council 

 will, if practicable, appoint to the position an 

 American naturalist eminent in zoology or paleon- 

 tology. 



As science is not national the medal and diploma 

 and surplus income may be conferred upon nat- 

 uralists of any country, and as men eminent in 

 their respective lines of scientific research will act 

 as judges, it is the wish of the said Margaret 

 Henderson Elliot that no person acting as such 

 judge shall be deemed on that account ineligible 

 to receive this annual gift, and the medal, diploma 

 and surplus income may in any year be awarded to 

 any one of the judges, if, in the opinion of his as- 

 sociates, he shall, by reason of the excellence of any 

 treatise published by him during the year, be en- 

 titled to receive them. 



The council of the academy has accepted the 

 gift and has appointed as the three judges for 

 the bestowal of the medal and honorarium: 

 President Henry Fairfield Osborn, of The American 



Museum of Natural History. 

 Secretary Charles D. Walcott, of the Smithsonian 



