July 27, 1917] 



SCIENCE 



89 



Inoculations into stem nodes of healthy 

 plants, with a pure culture of Bad. phaseoli 

 Erw. Sm. have produced typical signs of the 

 disease. Plants so inoculated also showed the 

 characteristic breaking at the stem node. 



Plants inoculated in a similar manner with 

 cultures of species of Fusarium and Bhizoc- 

 toni-a isolated from platings of this diseased 

 stem tissue, showed no girdling or breaking. 



It seems likely that infection results from 

 the washing of bacteria from aiiected coty- 

 ledons or leaves to the axils of the leaves, but 

 the method of entry of this organism is not 

 yet worked out. 



A more complete report upon this disease 

 will be given at a later date. 



J. H. MUNCIE 

 MlCHIG.\N AORICm^TUEAL EXPERIMENT STATION 



QUOTATIONS 



SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY 



The important and impressive review of the 

 rise and progress of the organic chemical in- 

 dustry issued by Messrs. Levinstein, Ltd., of 

 Blackley, near Manchester, and of EUesmere 

 Port, which appeared as a supplement to the 

 Manchester Guardian of June 30, marks a 

 welcome development of industrial enterprise. 

 Even the most indifferent and ill-informed 

 reader can not but be made aware, as a result 

 of its perusal, of the importance of the highest 

 facilities for scientific education and training, 

 when in so striking a fashion he is compelled 

 to realize the fruits of it in the enormous in- 

 dustrial advance of Germany in all that per- 

 tains to the organic chemical industries, 

 whether it takes the form of artificial dye- 

 stuffs, synthetic organic products, or that of 

 chemico-therapeutics. The advent of the war 

 quickly laid bare our serious deficiencies, not 

 to say our utter poverty, in all three depart- 

 ments of chemical manufacture. 



In the course of the articles, which have 

 been written by men eminent in their re- 

 spective fields of chemical science and its ap- 

 plications, the distinction is made absolutely 

 clear as between industries the development 

 of which has mainly been the result of the 



adoption of steam power and of mechanical 

 appliances, and those depending upon funda- 

 mental researches of a physical and chemical 

 character, such as are, to use the phrase of one 

 of the writers, "built up from the depths," 

 and require, therefore, not merely the ener- 

 getic business organizer and " scientific man- 

 agement," with a view to output, but the 

 highly trained scientific man capable of ap- 

 preciating the discoveries of pure science and 

 apt in their application to human needs. In 

 this valuable review of the progress of the 

 many departments of a vital industry — ^the 

 key, indeed, to the successful prosecution of 

 many allied and dependent industries — it is 

 clearly revealed how remiss the nation has 

 been in a true appreciation of what con- 

 stitutes the firm foundation of industrial pre- 

 eminence. The fault has lain not so much, 

 as some of the writers seem to indicate, with 

 the colleges and universities as with the indus- 

 tries concerned, which have hitherto offered 

 small salaries and poor prospects to the care- 

 fully trained and competent science student; 

 indeed, have looked upon the chemist as a 

 necessary evil, to be avoided if possible. 



One of the most important articles is that 

 by Dr. Levinstein, inasmuch as he carefully 

 points out the respective spheres of the tmi- 

 versity and the works in the effective train- 

 ing of the future industrial chemist. Once 

 those concerned with the successful adminis- 

 tration of our industries realize the necessity 

 for encouraging by a liberal payment the work 

 of the efficiently trained chemist there will be 

 no lack in the supply of suitable men. That 

 the nation contains such men has been shown 

 by the fact that the demands of this devastat- 

 ing war for the supply of high explosives have 

 been met with an energy and an efficiency 

 which have surprised our chief enemy. — 

 Nature. 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 



The Theory of Measurements. By Lucius 

 TuTTLE, B.A., M.D., Philadelphia, Dr. Lu- 

 cius Tuttle, Jefferson Medical College. 

 1916. Pp. xiv+303. Price $1.25. 

 Any one who has read the reports on elemen- 



