128 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLVI. No. 1180 



SUSRAM SHOmiS RELAnONSHIPS OF EGCRSSS 



3rd Yr. Orad. Vork In Ued. 



1 Yr. Kospi-tol or Latoratory 



4th Yr. Uedlcal School 



B.Ar 



"1 



3rd Yr. teaching 



3rd Tr. Crad. Sch. 



B.Ar 



4th Yr. CoU. Ut.,S«l. etc. 



Students A, B, C and D, 4 Yr. High School Course + 10 or 11 yrs. UbIt. Courses. 



Diagram showing Eelationships of Degrees 

 Students A, B, C and D, 4-year high-school course+ 10 or 11 yrs. university courses. 



takes therein two years more work, at the end 

 of which time — a total period of four years — 

 he receives his B.S. degree. B, taking a pre- 

 ponderance of prescribed physical, chemical 

 and biological sciences, at the end of four 

 years, all spent in the college, also receives his 

 B.S. degree. Cj entering the same college, but 

 in addition to the required physical, chemical 

 and biological sciences, adding thereto the spe- 

 cial study of literature and the arts, at the end 

 of three years in the college transfers to the 

 medical school and in one year more, or after 

 a total period of four years, receives his A.B. 

 degree. D, entering the college and not in- 

 dulging in a preponderance of the physical, 

 chemical and biological sciences, but giving 

 special attention to literature and the arts, re- 

 ceives his A.B. degree at the end of foui 

 years. Thus, each receives a bachelor's de- 

 gree at the end of four years. If all four 

 continue in the schools in which they were 

 working at the time they received their 

 bachelor'* degree, B and D will receive their 

 master's degrees at the end of another year and 

 their doctorate degrees in science and philos- 

 ophy, respectively, at the end of three years. 



Similarly A and 0, after two and three more 

 years respectively in the medical school and 

 one year in an approved hospital or laboratory, 

 will receive their doctor's degrees in medicine. 

 Therefore at the end of seven years in the 

 cases of A, B and D, and of eight years in the 

 case of C, all four have attained the doctorate 

 d^ree. It would appear that men starting on 

 the new three-year graduate courses in medi- 

 cine offered by the University of Minnesota in 

 the clinics and laboratories in the Medical 

 School in Minneapolis and in the Mayo 

 Foimdation in Rochester, already have spent 

 as much time in making their approach to the 

 study of medical specialties as that required 

 for obtaining the Ph.D. or D.Sc. degree in 

 good institutions. 



It is improbable that the native ability, the 

 preparatory school instruction, the habits of 

 study or the skUl of their university instruct- 

 ors, in the long run, is either better or worse 

 in the group of doctors of medicine than in 

 that of doctors of philosophy or science. Tet 

 all will agree that, broadly speaking, there is 

 a difference in the scientific attitude and 

 habits of thought in the men of the three 



