October 26, 1917] 



SCIENCE 



411 



folioe to be a synonym of cardui L. His name, 

 however, must be applied to the apple-grain 

 species to which we are in this country giving 

 the name avenos. 



In Europe it is known that the name avence 

 is a synonym of padi L. and that the primary 

 host of the oat aphis is the bird cherry from 

 which it migrates to grains and grasses. 

 Aven-ce is, however, employed here for the spe- 

 cies living upon the apple. To use the names 

 correctly then padi L. should be applied to our 

 apple-grain aphis. But this would not be cor- 

 rect, for padi winters on cherry and migrates 

 to grass. It is evident that our species is not 

 padi. 



Fitch described a species on choke cherries 

 under the name of cerasifoliw. This species 

 curls the leaves of the cherry and suggests the 

 work of padi in Europe. Transfers made by 

 the writer prove that this species alternates be- 

 tween chokecherry and grasses in the same 

 way that padi migrates in Europe. It is not 

 impossible that they are the same species. We 

 have then to deal with this species also on 

 grains and grasses in the avence mix up. It is 

 noteworthy that the cornicles of the choke- 

 cherry species are sometimes slightly swollen 

 in a way similar to those of the common oat 

 aphis. The second fork of the wing is also 

 very close to the margin of the wing and rusty 

 patches are present at the base of the cornicles 

 of the individuals feeding on grains and 



Some authors have expressed the opinion 

 that our apple-grain insect is biennial. The 

 experiments conducted by W. F. Turner and 

 the writer prove that it is annual. It is not 

 improbable that the difficulty in transfer arose, 

 in that more than one species was concerned 

 and that the apple was in reality not the winter 

 host of the specimens transferred. 



From the evidence in hand it appears : 



1. That more than one species occurs upon 



grains and grasses under the name avence 

 Fab. 



2. That one of these species migrates to apple 



and related trees where the eggs are laid. 

 This species must be known as prunifolice 

 Fitch. 



3. That another species, the oat aphis, mi- 



grates to bird cherries in Europe and must 

 be known as padi L., of which avenue Fab. 

 is a synonym. 



4. That the species now known as cerasifolim 



Fitch migrates to grains and grasses as 

 does padi and is possibly the same species. 



5. That the present placing of the name pruni- 



foliae as a synonym of cardui L. is not 

 correct. A. C. Baker 



Bureau op Entomology, 

 Washington, D. C. 



QUOTATIONS 



COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND PROFESSOR 

 CATTELL 



I SHOULD think that the New York news- 

 papers would be as tired of me as I am of 

 them. As, however, you have devoted another 

 editorial article to Columbia University andto 

 my case, I beg permission to state certain 

 facts. 



My relations with the university were not 

 considered by the department or faculty of 

 which I was a member, or, contrary to your 

 statement, by any faculty committee. At a 

 meeting of the Columbia trustees on March 5 

 a resolution was introduced retiring me on ac- 

 count of a frivolous but truthful remark that I 

 had made concerning the president of the uni- 

 versity in a confidential letter to members of 

 the Faculty Club. At the same meeting of the 

 trustees a committee was appointed to ascer- 

 tain whether doctrines contrary to the Consti- 

 tution and the laws were being taught or dis- 

 seminated at Columbia. 



This latter resolution raised a storm of pro- 

 test, the faculty of political science voting that 

 it " betrays a profound misconception of the 

 true function of a university in the advance- 

 ment of learning." After passing resolutions 

 of protest, the council, itself primarily an ad- 

 ministrative body, appointed a committee of 

 nine to defend the interests of academic free- 

 dom. This was not a committee of the fac- 

 ulty, but a Butler-Seligman committee, con- 

 taining six deans, who are appointed by the 

 president, and, according to the statutes of the 

 university, must " act in subordination to the 

 president." From this committee Professor 



