462 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLVI. No. 1193 



appear to fit all the cases equally well. To 

 the reviewer, at least, a rather different " men- 

 tal mechanism " would seem to fit the case 

 histories better. In particular, the associa- 

 tion between sex behavior and such other 

 forms of misconduct as stealing and truancy 

 is perhaps not so purely accidental and ex- 

 traneous as the author assumes; for all of 

 these forms of bad conduct typify for the 

 child that life of " badness " which, perhaps 

 because of its rebellion against authority and 

 restraint, makes a certain appeal even to the 

 "good" child. That is to say that the child 

 does not resort to stealing as an outlet for 

 dammed-up energy primarily directed towards 

 sex behavior, but that, being incited to " bad- 

 ness " in several directions, and responding 

 in some measure to the incitation, he foUows 

 the line that he is able to understand and 

 follow with some success, leaving aside what 

 he is not ripe for, though perhai)s being mys- 

 tified and obsessed by this latter. 



E. S. WOODWORTH 



Columbia UNrvEBsiTT 



Telephone Apparatus. By George D. Shep- 

 AEDSON, Professor of Electrical Engineering, 

 University of Minnesota. D. Appleton & 

 Co. 191Y. 337 pages, 115 illustrations. 

 Considering the marvelous rapidity of 

 growth of telephony and the extent to which 

 the telephone permeates the daily life of the 

 modern business man, especially in America, 

 where there is an average of one telephone to 

 each ten persons, it is surprising how little is 

 generally known concerning the history, con- 

 struction or mode of operation of that wonder- 

 ful device. This book presents an introduc- 

 tion to the development and theory of tele- 

 phony for the educated classes of the public in 

 general, and particularly for those engaged in 

 telephonic operation or manufacture. 



The book contains sixteen chapters, relating 

 respectively to the following subjects : Intro- 

 duction, Sound, Speech sounds. Telephone re- 

 ceivers. Telephone-receiver investigations. 

 Telephone transmitters. Telephone-transmitter 

 investigations. Signaling devices. Design of 

 non-polarized signaling apparatus, Perma- 



nent magnets and polarized apparatus. Design 

 of polarized apparatus, Electromotive forces 

 and currents. Principles of induction coils. 

 Uses of induction coils in telephony, Conden- 

 sers in telephony. Protective devices. The 

 treatment is directly descriptive, abundantly 

 illustrated by pictures and diagrams of the 

 apparatus. The mathematical analysis is 

 nearly all collected into the appendices at the 

 end of the book, so that a non-mathematical 

 reader can peruse all the chapters with very 

 few interruptions. 



The book deals mainly with telephonic 

 apparatus, and the principles underlying its 

 operation. Circuit arrangements are given 

 relatively minor consideration, and radio-tele- 

 phony is not included. A good set of indexes 

 at the end of the volume greatly assists the 

 reader. 



A noteworthy feature of the book is the 

 large number of collateral references indi- 

 cated in footnotes throughout the text. The 

 collection and collation of so much historical 

 and technical material represents a large 

 amount of labor. The insertion of this sub- 

 ordinate material makes the work of great 

 value as a reference book to telephonists and 

 students of telephony. Probably no other 

 text-book on telephony in the English lan- 

 guage contains such a wealth of electro-tech- 

 nical reference material. A. E. K. 



SPECIAL ARTICLES 



ANESTHESIA AND RESPIRATION! 



There is much uncertainty as to the effect 

 of anesthetics upon respiration. Some writers 

 hold that anesthetics decrease respiration 

 while others take the opposite view.^ To clear 

 up this confusion appears to be a necessary- 

 step toward a satisfactory theory of anes- 

 thesia. 



1 Preliminary communication. 



2 Cf. Hober, R., ' ' Physik. Chem. der Zelle und 

 der Gewebe, " Gli. 8 und 9, 1914. Czapek, P., Bio- 

 chem. der Fflanzen, Vol. I., 8. 195 ff., 1913. Ewart, 

 A. J., Annals of Bot., 12: 415, 1898. Taehiro, S. 

 and Adams, H. S., Amer. Jour, of Physiol., 33 

 sxsviii, 1914. Appleman, C. 0., Amer. Jour, of 

 Bot., Vol. 3, No. 5, May, 1916. 



