November 30, 1917] 



SCIENCE 



533 



in size from tiny toy affairs to some as large 

 as fifteen inches in diameter; but there are 

 also large and small water jars, and black, 

 imdecorated cooking pots, duck-shaped ves- 

 sels, and the like. 



The finds include, among others, the cere- 

 monial paraphernalia of a medicine man, com- 

 prising his medicines; a turkey's egg con- 

 taining the bones of the embryo and accom- 

 panied with a food bowl; several skeletons of 

 eagles, turkeys, and dogs that had been cere- 

 monially buried, and deposits of pottery that 

 had been broken in sacrifice and deposited in 

 the cemetery not as burial accompaniments. 

 It was the custom of the Zunis of Hawikuh 

 to " kill " all the vessels deposited with their 

 dead by throwing them into the graves, and 

 this was likewise the case with other house- 

 hold utensils such as metates and manos used 

 in grinding corn. Some of the vessels escaped 

 injury, while all of the fragments of the 

 broken ones were carefully gathered and will 

 be repaired. 



The site of Hawikuh covers an area of 

 about Y50 by 850 feet, so that only a com- 

 paratively small part of the site was exca- 

 vated during this season. The refuse was 

 found to attain a depth of 14J feet in the 

 western slope and it will probably be found 

 to reach a depth of at least IS feet before the 

 walls of the summit of the elevation are 

 reached. An interesting discovery consists 

 of the remains of many walls entirely beneath 

 this great deposit of refuse, showing that the 

 site was occupied in prehistoric times long 

 before Hawikuh itself was built. 



PROGRESS IN COMBATING HOOKWORM 



The recently published annual report of 

 the Rockefeller Foundation records the re- 

 sults of intensive work on the study and con- 

 trol of hookworm and malaria. The report 

 as quoted in the Boston Medical and Surgical 

 Journal states that during the year 1916 

 the work of the International Health Board 

 continued to be directed chiefly toward the 

 relief and control of hookworm disease. In 

 cooperation with the government, systematic 

 efforts toward control have now been inaugu- 



rated in eight of the Southern states and in 

 fifteen foreign countries, located between de- 

 grees of latitude 36 north and 30 south in 

 the tropical and sub-tropical belt, which is 

 the native habitat of the hookworm. ISTew 

 fields of operations in 1916 were Salvador, 

 Brazil, Ceylon, and Siam. Arrangements 

 were also completed to start work early in 

 1917 in the Fiji Islands, in Papua, and in 

 Queensland, Australia. 



In British Honduras and the island of 

 Barbados, preliminary infection surveys were 

 made, and in the Yangtsekiang valley of Cen- 

 tral China a preliminary survey was carried 

 out with special reference to the problem of 

 soil pollution in shallow mining operations. 



The board conducted during the year a 

 series of four experiments in malaria control. 

 Three were fixiished. The fourth will be com- 

 pleted in 1917. The object of all four experi- 

 ments was to determine the degree to which 

 malaria could be controlled within the limits 

 of reasonable expenditure and under condi- 

 tions prevailing in typical farm communities 

 of the South. Gratifying results have been 

 obtained. 



Two commissions were sent to South Amer- 

 ica. One, composed of six sanitarians, with 

 Maj.-Gen. William C. Gorgas as chairman, 

 visited the republics of Ecuador, Peru, Co- 

 lombia, Venezuela and Brazil, to study yellow 

 fever conditions. Two definite objects were 

 sought: (1) to determine the status of doubt- 

 ful endemic centers of infection; (2) to as- 

 certain what measures were necessary and 

 feasible to eradicate the disease from the lo- 

 calities responsible for its dissemination. 

 The second commission investigated medical 

 education and public health agencies in Bra- 

 zil. 



Active measures to control and prevent 

 hookworm disease are now in operation in 

 Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, ISTorth 

 Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas 

 and Virginia; in Antigua, Grenada. St. 

 Lucia, St. Vincent and Trinidad of the "West 

 Indies; in British Guiana and Dutch Guiana; 

 in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Pan- 

 ama and Salvador of Central America; in 



