Apeil 7, 1922] 



SCIENCE 



369 



tries concerning output in relation to hours of 

 labor and the duration of work spells and rest 

 pauses. A subsequent section of the report 

 deals with the impersonal physical conditions 

 of the worker's environment, such as tempera- 

 ture, humidity, ventilation and lighting, and 

 the effects of these conditions on effleiency. 

 Personal factors, such as vocational selection 

 and guidance, time and motion study, and the 

 effects of such conditions as seating and cloth- 

 ing, are treated in considerable detail, whilst a 

 shorter section deals with such matters as or- 

 ganization and the relative importance of 

 human and mechanical factors in efficiency. 

 Most of the sections are illustrated by diagrams 

 reproduced from the published reports of the 

 board, and they show at a glance the hourly 

 and daily variations of output observed under 

 various conditions, the effect of regular rest 

 pauses on output, the improvement of output 

 caused by more adequate lighting and by better 

 ventilation, and the value of certain psycho- 

 physiological tests in measuring the skill of 

 compositors. The future of the board is said 

 to be full of promise, for, in addition to the 

 investigations already made in certain branches 

 of the textile, iron and steel, and boot and shoe 

 industries, others are now in progress in the 

 laundry and the pottery industries, whilst ap- 

 plication has been made to the board by various 

 trade boards and research associations for the 

 institution of inquiries into several other im- 

 portant industries." 



THE MEDICAL FELLOWSHIPS OF THE 

 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 



As reported briefly in Science last week, the 

 National Research Council has established fel- 

 lowships in medicine created for the purpose 

 of increasing the supply of thoroughly quali- 

 fied teachers in medicine in both clinical and 

 laboratory subjects and in both curative and 

 preventive aspects. The fellowships are sup- 

 ported by appropriations of the Rockefeller 

 Foundation and the General Education Board 

 amounting in total to one hundred thousand 

 dollars a year for a period of five years. Those 

 receiving awards will be known as fellows in 

 medicine of the National Research Council. 



To qualify for appointment as a fellow, a 



candidate must have the degree of doctor of 

 medicine or doctor of philosophy from an ap- 

 proved university, or preparation equivalent 

 to that represented by one of these degrees. 

 Only citizens of the United States or Canada 

 will ordinarily be appointed, although the fel- 

 lowship board is authorized to set aside this 

 provision in exceptional cases. The fellowships 

 will be open to both sexes. 



Since the principal purpose of establishing 

 these fellowships is to increase the number of 

 competent teachers in the field of medicine, 

 each incumbent will be required to gain experi- 

 ence in teaching. As creative work is regarded 

 as essential to the best teaching, emphasis will 

 also be placed upon research. 



Fellows wUl be at liberty to choose the insti- 

 tutions or universities in which they will work, 

 as well as the men under whose direction they 

 will caiTy on their researches, subject to the 

 approval of the fellowship board. 



Appointments are to be made for a period of 

 twelve months, beginning at any time in the 

 year, with an allowance of six weeks for vaca- 

 tion. The time may be extended, however, if 

 in the judgment of the board the work which 

 the fellow has done justifies it. The stipends 

 are not definitely fixed in amount; but they 

 are intended to enable the individual to live 

 comfortably while carrying on his special work 

 as a fellow. 



The fellowships will be administered by a 

 special committee, known as the Medical Fel- 

 lowship Board of the National Research 

 Council. 



Correspondence concerning the fellowships 

 should be addressed to the Division of Medical 

 Sciences, National Research Council, Wash- 

 ington, D. C. 



INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONFERENCE 

 AT UTRECHT 



In June of last year, Professors Biihnann, 

 Bruni, Ernst Cohen, Donnan, Victor Henri, 

 Kj-uyt, van Romburgh, Schenk, Walden and 

 Wegscheider met in conference at Utrecht, and 

 agreed to hold there in 1922 a scientific chem- 

 ical meeting, the date of which is now fixed for 

 June 21, 22 and 23 of this year. The pro- 

 gram will consist of several general papers, to- 



