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A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advancement 

 of Science, publishing the ofHcial notices and 

 proceedings of the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, edited by J. McKeen 

 Cattell and published every Friday by 



THE SCIENCE PRESS 



I 1 Liberty St., Utica, N. Y. Garrison, N. Y. 



New York City: Grand Central Terminal 



Annual Subscription, $6.00. Single Copies, 15 Cts. 



Entered as second-class matter January 21, 1922, at the 



Post Office at Utica, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 



Vol. LV June 9, 1922 No. 1432 



CONTENTS 

 Surgical and Anatomic Evidence of Evolu- 

 tion: Dr. W. W. Keen 603 



Culti/vation and Soil Moisture: Dr. H. A. 

 Notes 610 



The Copper Eskimos: Harold Noice 611 



Scientific Events: 



The British Institute of Physics; The Badio 

 Service of the University of Wisconsin; 

 Scientific Exhibit at the Meeting of the 

 American Medical Association; The Borne 

 Meeting of the International Geodetic and 

 Geophysical Union 612 



Scientific Notes and News - 614 



University and Educational Notes 617 



Discussion and Correspondence: 



The Thermel: De. Walter P. White. Solar 

 Energy: The Late Francis B. Daniels. 

 Scientific Worlc in Eussia: Dk. Ales 

 HrdliSka. Doctorates in Agriculture: 

 Professor W. H. Chandler. The Writing 

 of Popular Science: Dr. Waldemar 

 Kaempffert, Philip B. McDonald, E. T. 

 Brewster -- 617 



Notes on Meteorology and Climatology: 

 The Streamfiow Experiment at Wagon 

 Wheel Gap: Dr. C. LeEot Meisinger 622 



Special Articles: 



An Early Stage of the Free-martin and 

 the Parallel History of the Interstitial 

 Cells: Professor Frank R. Lillie and 

 K. F. Bascom. The Effect of Acid on 

 Ciliary Action: Dr. J. M. D. Olmsted and 

 J. W. MacArthur 624 



The Society of Mammalogists 626 



SURGICAL AND ANATOMIC EVI- 

 DENCE OF EVOLUTIONi 



I PROPOSE in this address to approach evolu- 

 tion, not from the controversial side or from 

 general arguments, but from a plain statement 

 of a series of facts, many of them drawn from 

 mj' personal experience as a surgeon and 

 anatomist — facts which, to my mind, absolutely 

 demonstrate the solidarity of animal life, more 

 especially in the ease of the vertebrates, such 

 as fish, birds, other mammals and man, the 

 highest mammal. 



Many opponents of evolution admit the 

 gradual development of animal life from its 

 lowest form up to and including the anthropoid 

 apes, but they draw the line there, basing this 

 belief on the account in Genesis. Man, they 

 insist, stand; as a separate direct creation by 

 the Almighty, "out of the ditst of the ground." 

 Such an argument is like declaring that the 

 laws of mathematics reign in numbers up to, 

 say, 100,000 or 1,000,000, but beyond that limit 

 are no longer valid. 



Let me now point to facts — not theories but 

 facts — which demonstrate this unity of the 

 animal kingdom, including man. 



1. Let me relate some operations I have done 

 on the human brain. The brain in animals, 

 including man, consists in a general way of 

 (a) the cerebrum; (h) the cerebellum; (c) the 

 spinal cord; and (d) certain structures which 

 bind these three together. Extend the fingers 

 straight forward. The fingers then resemble 

 the "convolutions" on the surface of the brain; 

 the furrows between them resemble the "fis- 

 sures" between the convolutions of the brain. 

 The principal fissures between the convolutions 

 are similar in man and animals. 



1 Part of the Commeneement Address at Crozer 

 Theological Seminary, Chester, Pennsylvania, on 

 June 6, 1922. 



