684 



SCIENCE 



[Vol. LV, No. 1434 



ural Resources of Canada." He dealt, among 

 other things, with the fuel problems of Canada 

 in their relation to the development of hydro- 

 electric power, and with the general conditions 

 obtaining at the present time in the rural dis- 

 tricts. 



Papers by Paul Heymans, now of the Mas- 

 sachusetts Institute of Technology, and Profes- 

 sor Charles Mannebeck, of the University of 

 Louvain, Belgium, on "Optical Determination 

 of Stress in Engineering Structures" and "Re- 

 turn Current along Submarine Cables,'' re- 

 spectively, were read by the authors. 



At the morning session on December 28, Mr. 

 John Murphy, electrical engineer for the De- 

 partment of Railways and Canals, Ottawa, gave 

 an address on "Ice Formation and Prevention 

 with Special Reference to Frazil and Anchor 

 Ice." Mr. Murphy advocated keeping certain 

 metal parts of hydro-eleetric installations a 

 small fraction of a degree above 32°F. with 

 the aid of artificial heat. This can be and is 

 being done at certain plants on the Ottawa 

 River to which Mr. Murphj' made reference. 

 "Engineering Standardization" was discussed 

 by 'Ml'. R. J. Durley, secretary of the Canadian 

 Engineering Standards Association. Other 

 papers were "Fifty Years of Progi-ess in Min- 

 ing in Canada" by Mr. John E. Hardman, 

 "Metal Mining in Canada," by Thomas W. 

 Gibson, deputj' minister of mines, Ontario; 

 "Gold Mining in Canada" by Mr. A. F. Brig- 

 ham and "Nickel Mining and Smelting" by 

 W. L. Dethloff, chief engineer of the Mond 

 Nickel Company. 



The morning session on Thursday, December 

 29, was given over to an illustrated address on 

 "Toronto Harbor Development" by Mr. George 

 Clark, chief designing engineer of the Toronto 

 Harbor Commission, and to a discussion on 

 Scientific and Industrial Research by Dr. R. A. 

 Ross, chairman of the Honorary Advisory 

 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 

 Canada, who emphasized the economic import- 

 ance of obtaining a satisfactory method of car- 

 bonizing the lignites of Western Canada. Mr. 

 H. K. "Wicksteed read a paper on "Railway 

 Development in Canada" treating his subject 

 chiefly from an economic standpoint. In the 

 afternoon Messrs. A. M. McQueen and James 



McEvoy read papers on "Exploration for Oil in 

 Western Canada" and "Coal Mining in Al- 

 berta" respectively. Sir Adam Beck, chairman 

 of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of 

 Ontario, gave in Convocation Hall an address 

 to all sections of the American Association for 

 the Advancement of Science in the afternoon 

 at 4 o'clock. This address was well attended 

 and was illustrated by motion pictui-es. Su- 

 Adam drew a comparison between the cost of 

 Niagara generated hydro-electric energy in 

 Windsor, Ont., and steam generated electric 

 energy in Detroit, Mich., the prices being 3% 

 and 8 cents per kilowatt hour, respectively. 



The Friday sessions, with the exception of 

 Mr. D. B. DowliTig's address on the Mackenzie 

 oil fields, were given over to the discussion of 

 problems pertaining to Engineering Education. 

 Works Commissioner Harris, City of Toronto, 

 gave the employer's viewpoint with respect to 

 the qualifications of the young engineer. 

 Professor Charles F. Scott, president of the 

 Society for the Promotion of Engineering 

 Education, contributed a paper on "Pro- 

 fessional Engineering Education for the 

 Industries." Dr. F. W. Merchant, director of 

 industrial and technical education, Ontario, ad- 

 dressed the section on the, function of the sec- 

 ondary technical school. Professor Dugald C. 

 Jackson's paper on the same subject was read 

 by Professor C. R. Toung in the absence of 

 the author. Discussion following all of these 

 papers was very general. 



Regarding the sessions of the Society for the 

 Promotion of Engineering Education, held at 

 Toronto on December 30, 1921, the reader is 

 referred to the Canadian Engineer, Vol. 42, No. 

 1, p. 109, Jan. 3, 1922, and Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 

 133, Jan. 10, 1922. 



The closing function was a dinner in Hart 

 House on Friday evening at which one hundred 

 were present. Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, chairman of 

 the section, presided at all sessions. The com- 

 mittee in charge of arrangements consisted of 

 the chairman, Mr. TyiTcll, and Professors R. 

 W. Angus, Peter Gillespie and C. R. Young, 

 all three of the Univei-sity of Toronto. 



Peter Gillespie, 

 Acting Secretary, Section M 



ToKONTO, Canada 



