JUNIl'ERUS. 35 



common Savin, which in general grows much taller and more 

 robust than the male form of the species. 



Page 110. 



JuNiPERUS SQUAMATA, Don, the Scaly-leaved Himalayan 



Juniper. 



The Bhotiyas call this species " Parpinja" (creeping Juniper) ; 

 and, according to Dr. Iloffmeister, an intoxicating drink is pre- 

 pared from the berries of the ground Juniper, which is known 

 all over the Busehur part of the Himalayas by the name of 

 "Theloo'^ (spirituous liquor). Its Khasiya names are " BLc- 

 dara " and " Bindhara,'^ and signify yeast, or yielding yeast; 

 for which purpose the sprigs are used in Upper Kumaoon in 

 the preparation of yeast, as the aromatic crushed berries of the 

 common Juniper is in Europe to flavour gin. The yeast is 

 made by moistening coarse barley flour, which is made into a 

 ball, and covered all round with the leaves and sprigs of this 

 Juniper ; the whole is then closely wrapped up in a blanket, and 

 kept warm, where in three or four days it ferments, and be- 

 comes fit for use. It is also used in the distilling arrack from 

 rice, the berries having but little bitter in them. 



Dr. lioyle, in his usual abandoned style, affirms that the Juni- 

 perus squamata reaches almost to the line of perpetual conge- 

 lation ; whereas in the Thibetian climate it falls short of that line 

 by about 4,500 feet ; and on the southern face of the Hima- 

 layas, by more than 2,000 feet of the snow line. 



Page 112. 

 JuNiPERUS THURIFERA, LinTKBus, the Spanish Juniper. 



Syn. Cedrus Hispanica, Tournefort. 

 „ Juniperus oophora, Kunze. 



A dense, conical-growing tree, which attains a height of from 

 30 to 40 feet on the mountains of Seville, in Spain. 



D 3 



