PINUS, Oil THE TRUE PINES. 01 



and rongli at the edges ; from 4 to 6 inches long, convex on the 

 outer side, concave on the inner one, and somewhat glaucous 

 on both faces ; sheaths rather short, and formed of several broad 

 scales, fringed or jagged at the ends. JBuds, covered with im- 

 bricated, non-resinous scales Branches, rather long, spreading, 

 and covered with an ashy-gray bark ; branchlets, rather smooth 

 and slender. Cones, solitary or sub-vertical, very numerous on 

 old trees ; from two to two and a half inches long, of a conical 

 shape, rounded at the base, regularly tapering to the point, and 

 on short, but somewhat reflected footstalks ; scales small, woody 

 linear-oblong, slightly thickened on the upper, or exposed part, 

 obliquely diamond-shaped, closely imbricated, nearly all of a 

 size, and with a slender, elevated line across the middle, having 

 in its centre a little prickle, which soon falls off. Seeds, very 

 small, with a membranous wing of a rusty-brown colour, and 

 three times the length of the seeds ; seed-leaves rather short 

 and in sixes. 



According to Professor Zuccarini and Dr. Siebold, this tree 

 is easily distinguished, at first sight, from Pinus densiflora, with 

 which it is frequently found intermixed, and forming vast 

 woods in the middle part of the island of Nippon, especially 

 about Yeddo, but it is more or less common all over Japan and 

 China. It, however, is more a valley plant than Pinus densi- 

 flora, and is frequently to be found standing about the marshy 

 rice-fields, attaining a height of 40 or 60 feet, but becoming 

 a mere shrub at an elevation of 3,500 feet, on the more exposed 

 sides of the mountains. 



The Japanese call it "Aka-matsu" (red Pine), on account of 

 its red-coloured timber; " Kuro-matsu" (black Pine), from its 



brought liome from tlie Cape of Good Hope by Mr. F. Masson), identical 

 with the Pinus Pinaster ; as also were the plants afterwards raised from 

 seeds, obtained from the Cape of Good Hope by Mr. Lambert, and where, 

 accordint^ to Mr. Francis Masson, it was originally introduced from China 

 by the Dutch. The Cluster Pine is also frequently brought home from 

 China and Japiin, under tlie name of Pinus Massoniana, as is also Pinus 

 Sincn.sis, but which latter is easily distinguished from the former by its 

 slender grass-green foliage. 



