SCIENCE 



Friday, August 2, 1912 



CONTENTS 

 Doctorates conferred 61/ American Universities 129 



The Celebration of the Two-hundredth Anni- 

 versary of the Soyal Society 139 



Faul Caspar Freer 140 



Scientific Notes and News 141 



University and Educational News 143 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Sex-limited Inheritance in Cats: L. Don- 

 CASTEE. "Terms used to denote the Abun- 

 dance or Barity of Birds " : W. L. McAtee, 

 P. A. Tavernee. "Florida Weather" : J. 

 E. Watson 144 



Scientific BooTcs: — 

 Duchene on the Mechanics of the Aero- 

 plane: Pkopessok a. F. Zahm. Cohen and 

 Muston on Smoke: De. K. C. Bennek. 

 Index to a Hand-list of the Genera and 

 Species of Birds: J. A. A. Whetham's 

 Heredity and Society: Pkopessor C. B. 

 Davenpoet 148 



The Inheritance of Shin Color: Peopessoe H. 



E. JOEDAN 151 



Special Articles: — 

 A Reversal of the Rowland Effect: Pko- 

 pessor Francis E. Niphee. The Prepara- 

 tion of Unbrolcen Pollen Mother Cells and 

 other Cells for Studies in Mitosis: Albert 

 Mann. Results of Pure Culture Studies on 

 Phyllosticta pirina Sacc: C. H. Ceabill . . 153 



The North Carolina Academy of Science: 

 De. E. W. Gudgee 157 



MSS. inteuded for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Hudson, N. Y. 



DOCTORATES CONFERRED BY AMERICAN 

 UNIVERSITIES 



In the first five of the fifteen years dur- 

 ing which records of the doctorates of phi- 

 losophy conferred by our universities have 

 been annually printed in Science, there 

 was no increase in the number, the average 

 being 233. In the course of the past ten 

 years the number has about doubled, 

 amounting this year to 492. The twenty- 

 one German universities gave two years 

 ago 1,703 doctorates of philosophy (of 

 which 32 were to Americans), so we still 

 fall far behind that country in the number 

 of men adequately prepared for advanced 

 teaching and research. As the population 

 of the United States is half again as large 

 as that of Germany, we must increase six- 

 fold the number of doctorates conferred 

 before we can reach the present level of 

 that country. 



The seven universities given at the be- 

 ginning of the table conferred three fifths 

 of all the degrees, but the other universities 

 have gained somewhat, as for the first ten 

 years covered by these statistics they con- 

 ferred only one quarter of the degrees. 

 The universities which have hitherto done 

 less research work, and especially the state 

 universities, are gaining somewhat on the 

 older universities, with the exception of 

 Columbia. This university has made a re- 

 markable advance in the past two years, 

 conferring this year 81 and last year 75 

 doctorates, thus drawing ahead of Chicago 

 in the total number of degrees conferred 

 in the past fifteen years. Yale and the 

 Johns Hopkins remain about stationary in 

 the number of degrees they confer, while 

 Cornell, Pennsylvania and Harvard have 



