August 2, 1912] 



SCIENCE 



131 



degrees in the sciences as compared with 

 148 in other departments. In the follow- 

 ing three years the numbers were almost 

 exactly the same, whereas in the past two 

 years the sciences have drawn ahead, being 

 responsible this year for 273 degrees, as 

 compared with 219 in other subjects. This 

 advance is too large and too long continued 

 to be attributable to a chance variation; it 

 appears that the sciences are gaining 

 ground in our universities. In Germany 

 more degrees are conferred in the humani- 

 ties than in the sciences, and the large 

 number of degrees conferred there in the 

 languages is striking. In this country 

 there were this year only 17 degrees in 

 Latin and 5 in Greek. Among the sciences, 

 as always, chemistry leads and by a larger 

 margin than ever before. This degree is 

 in many cases awarded to men who propose 

 to undertake industrial work ; while this is 

 doubtless quite as important as teaching, 

 the degree has a somewhat different signifi- 

 cance, so that it might indeed be advisable 

 to award a doctorate of engineering rather 

 than the doctorate of philosophy. Physics 

 follows chemistry in the total number of 

 degrees conferred, and is in turn followed 

 by zoology, though there were this year 

 more degrees awarded in botany, mathe- 

 matics, geology and psychology than in 

 zoology. Agriculture and bacteriology, as 

 well as botany, show decided gains; there 

 are also gains in physiology and anatomy. 

 The institutions which this year con- 

 ferred two or more degrees in a science 

 are: in chemistry, Columbia, 11; Johns 

 Hopkins and Yale, 9 each; Chicago and 

 Wisconsin, 8 each; Illinois, 6; Cornell, 5; 

 Harvard and Ohio, 4 each ; Massachusetts 

 Institute, 3 ; Michigan and Princeton, 2 

 each ; in physics, Cornell and Princeton, 4 

 each; Chicago, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsyl- 

 vania and Yale, 3 each; Columbia, Johns 

 Hopkins and Wisconsin, 2 each ; in zoology, 



TABLE III 



Doctorates Distributed According to Subjects 



Chemistry . . . 



Physics 



Zoology 



Psychology . . 

 Mathematics . 



Botany 



Geology 



Physiology. . 

 Astronomy . . 

 Agriculture . . 

 Bacteriology. 

 Anthropology 

 Paleontology . 

 Anatomy. . . . 

 Pathology . . . 

 Engineering. . 

 Mineralogy. . 

 Metallurgy. . 

 Geography . . 

 Meteorology . 



Total . . . 



32.3 



15.5 



15.2 



13.5 



12.1 



12.6 



7.1 



4.1 



3.4 



1.0 



1.4 



1.0 



1.6 



.9 



.5 



.8 



.6 



.3 



124.1 184 194 179 239 273 2,310 



614 

 290 

 264 

 251 

 228 

 213 

 136 



7a 



51 



45 

 31 

 22: 

 20 

 19 

 14 

 13 

 10 

 5 

 4 



Harvard, 5 ; Cornell, 3 ; California and 

 Chicago, 2 each; in psychology, Columbia, 

 8; Clark, 6; Pennsylvania, 4; Cornell, 3; 

 Chicago and Johns Hopkin^, 2 each; in 

 mathematics, Chicago 7 ; Columbia, 4 ; Call- 



