September 20, 1912] 



SCIENCE 



373 



buildings have beea received and it is ex- 

 pected to have the station in working order 

 before winter. Already the gathering of ob- 

 servations on the relations of erosion and 

 run-off to the forest cover have begun. The 

 Mauti National Forest was chosen as the site 

 for this experiment station becaiise it offers 

 exceptionally good opportunities for investi- 

 gating problems of practical value in connec- 

 tion with regulated grazing. Ephraim and 

 other towns in its neighborhood have suffered 

 severely from floods following violent rain- 

 storms in the mountains, and it has already 

 been proved conclusively that the overgrazed 

 condition of areas on which the natural vege- 

 tative cover has been seriously altered is re- 

 sponsible for the formation of torrents and 

 the rapid discharge of debris-laden flood- 

 waters. In a recent destructive storm the 

 water ran clear from a part of the watershed 

 which was within the National Forest, and in 

 good condition as a result of well-regulated 

 grazing, while from other areas it swept down 

 sand and boulders. One of the objects of 

 the study will be to learn how the maximum 

 of grazing use of natural forest land can be 

 obtained without injury to forest reproduc- 

 tion and stream flow. The national forests 

 provide range during a part or all of the year 

 for a considerable part of the stock produced 

 in the western states. Approximately one and 

 one half million head of cattle and horses and 

 seven and one half million head of sheep and 

 goats occupy the forest lands each year. 

 These figures do not include nearly three 

 hundred thousand calves and over four mil- 

 lion lambs and kids for which permits are not 

 required. The experts of the department be- 

 lieve that when the ranges which were de- 

 nuded by many years of improper use are 

 restored to a normal condition of productivity 

 it will be possible to provide feed for a much 

 larger number of stock without injury to 

 forest growths or watersheds, and both the 

 stockgrower and the consumer of meat prod- 

 ucts will thus be benefited. Consequently 

 every effort is being made to determine prac- 

 ticable means of regenerating depleted ranges. 

 All of the studies which are about to be ini- 

 tiated have this point in view. 



UNIVEBSIT7 AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS 

 Harvard University and Middlebury Col- 

 lege will each receive ultimately half of 

 $125,000, left by Daniel A. Kimball, of Stock- 

 bridge. 



The heirs of Michael Cudahy have given 

 $10,000 toward the endowment fund of New- 

 man Hall, at the University of California, 

 and $1,000 each has been given by four other 

 donors. The Newman Club is an organiza- 

 tion of the Roman Catholic students of the 

 university. Through the generosity of Arch- 

 bishop Patrick W. Eiordan, of San Francisco, 

 who contributed $40,000 (from his " jubilee 

 fund"), and through the aid of other friends, 

 the club occupies Newman Hall, an admirably 

 appointed building, which contains meeting 

 rooms, a chapel, a library, bowling alleys, so- 

 cial rooms, a kitchen, etc., and which serves 

 as a center for the social and religious life of 

 the Catholic students. Its privileges and hos- 

 pitalities are open also to the other students 

 of the university. 



Dr. Don E. Joseph, formerly associate in 

 physiology and pharmacology at the Rocke- 

 feller Institute, has been appointed associate 

 professor of physiology at Bryn Mawr College. 



The following new appointments have been 

 made at Toledo University: Oscar William 

 Irvin, B.S. (Kentucky), professor of mechan- 

 ics and physics; Rudolf Pintner, M.A. (Edin- 

 burgh), Ph.D. (Leipzig), professor of psychol- 

 ogy and education. 



The following appointments have been 

 made to the staff of Macdonald College, Ste. 

 Anne de Bellevue, Quebec: Wilfrid Sadler, 

 M.D.D., of the Midland Institute, Kingston, 

 Derbyshire, England, assistant in bacteriol- 

 ogy; D. W. Hamilton, Ph.D., of the New 

 Brunswick Normal School, assistant in phys- 

 ics; W. M. Aikenhead, B.S.A., assistant in 

 horticulture; Alex. R. Ness, B.S.A., assistant 

 in animal husbandry. Professor W. Saxby 

 Blair has resigned the chair of horticulture 

 and accepted the position of superintendent 

 of the Kentville, Nova Scotia, Experimental 

 Fruit Farm and dominion maritime horticul- 

 turist. The following graduates have been 



