70 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 
LOOKING UP AND LOOKING DOWN. 
Given before the Astronomical Section of the Hamilton 
Scientific Association, April 3rd, 1903. 
BY JULIUS M. WILLIAMS. 
This was an. object lesson for beginners in the art and 
science of astronomy. ‘ine illustrations covered the phenome- 
na observed by an observer standing in a northern latitude, and 
showed how the accepted up and down was arbitrary and that 
there is no up nor down. The phenomena included day and 
night, winter and summer, sunrise and sunset, moons rising 
and setting, and phases, eclipses, occultations, morning and 
evening star, meridian, latitude, longitude, elevation, declina- 
tion, and many definitions and terms were exemplified by a set 
of models prepared by the lecturer for the occasion. They 
were a Sun (a white globe with incandescent light, on which sun 
spots were to be found as it rotated) ; the Earth, with a white 
moon attached; the planets, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Saturn and 
Jupiter. By means of these models occultation and eclipse, 
morning and evening stars, were very nicely exemplified and 
were pronounced very realistic, the moon’s quartering being 
particularly good; the sun in the darkened room illuminated 
one side only of the moon, there being practically no reflected 
light. The demonstration was commended by Dr. Marsh and 
Mr. G. Parry Jenkins, F. R. A. S. 
It is proposed to give the demonstration at the commence- 
ment of the next season, as being a first lesson in astronomy 
and being illustrated by models it is thought it will be a good 
_ introduction to the season’s lectures. 
