FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 



THE VEGETATION OF THE HACKENSACK marsh: A TYPICAL AMERICAN FEN ^ 



Helianthus giganteus L. 



Low thickets and marsh. Common. 

 Helianthus struma sus L. 



Dry banks. 

 Iva or aria Bartlett. 



A rather common shrub in brackish places. 

 Lactuca scariola L. (Prickly Lettuce). 



Very common along roadsides and railroad embankments. 

 Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. 



Low grounds. Common. 

 Pluchea camphorata (L.) D.C. (Salt Marsh Fleabane). 



Common on the typical salt marsh. 

 Prenanthes alba L. (Rattlesnake-root) . 



Prominent in low marshy swales. 

 Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass) Fernald (Gall-of-the-Earth) . 



Thickets on Snake Hill. 

 Rudbeckia laciniata L. (Cone flower). 



Low moist meadows. Rather uncommon. 

 Solidago altissima L. 



A common plant in rich open soil. 

 Solidago bicolor L. (White-flowered Golden Rod). 



Common on dry soil on Snake Hill and Little Snake Hill. 

 Solidago canadensis L. (Common Golden Rod). 



In thickets and rich open soil. 

 Solidago graminifolia (L.) SaHsb. 



Common in moist places. 

 Solidago neglecta Torr. & Gray. 



Hackensack marsh. 

 Solidago nemoralis Ait. 



Only on dry open places on Snake and Little Snake Hill. 

 Solidago rigida L. 



Only on dry rock hillsides of Little Snake Hill. 

 Solidago rugosa Mill. (Rough-leaved Golden Rod). 



Damp swales and wet thickets near roadsides. 

 Solidago sempervirens L. (Seaside Golden Rod). 



Common on true salt marsh and on brackish flats back from the river. 

 Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. 



Dry rocky woods on Snake Hill. 

 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (Spring-leaved Sow-thistle). 



Common along roadsides and embankments. 



