138 Additional Objections to RedfieWs Theory of Storms. 



may also infer that bodies are carried aloft by the joint action of 

 the electrical attraction, and the vertical blast which it produces. 



83. The effects upon the leaves of trees noticed by me after 

 the tornado of New Brunswick in 1835, and still more those sub- 

 sequently observed by Peltier after that of Chatenaye in 1839, 

 cannot be explained without supposing them to have been the 

 medium of an electric discharge.* 



84. When a convective discharge takes place between a stra- 

 tum of air in proximity to the earth and a stratum in the region of 

 the clouds, the greater density and pressure of the lower stratum, 

 will cause the discharge to take place in a vertical direction. 



85. Any heat imparted to air in rising from the terrestrial sur- 

 face to the region of the clouds, by the condensation of aqueous 

 vapor, being applied to the upper part of the column and render- 

 ing it as much taller as lighter, cannot speedily make its total 

 weight less than that of the surrounding air, and must therefore 

 be insufficient to cause any violent change, like those which con- 

 stitute tornadoes or hurricanes, as argued by Mr. Espy. More- 

 over the process on which so much stress has been laid by this in- 

 genious meteorologist, cannot generate rain storms during which 

 the rain freezing as it falls, the temperature of the lower stratum 

 is shewn to be below the freezing point of water, while that of 

 the upper stratum, within which water condenses in the liquid 

 form, must be above that point. 



86. Were the causes assigned by Espy adequate to create a 

 tornado or hurricane, a storm of this kind would exist incessantly 

 in the vicinity of the equator, where in consequence of the never 

 ceasing ascent of warm moist air from the ocean, that afflux of 

 this fluid from neighboring regions takes place, to which the 

 trade winds are attributed. 



87. Experience has demonstrated that electricity cannot exist 

 on one side of an electric, without its existence simultaneously 

 on the other side. If the interior of a hollow globular electric 

 be neutral so will the outside be ; but if the interior be either 

 positively or negatively electrified, the outside will be found in 

 the one case positive, in the other negative. 



88. The atmosphere is an electric in a hollow globular form, 

 and as electricity is known to pervade the space within it occupi- 



t See this Journal, Vol. xxxviii, p. 80. 



