posal of storm Water, as well as in the 
estimating of storage for water supply 
purposes. 
Second: The City is frequently made 
the defendant in suits at law for loss 
or damage sustained by reason of floods 
caused by extraordinary rainfalls. 
There beingmo bondofsympathy between 
this instrument and either of the contest- 
ants, all biased evidence as to the time, 
amount, rate and duration of the ele- 
ment that caused the damage, goes 
down before the impartial record of the 
rain-gauge. 
Third: Every record noted and filed 
adds a little tothe knowledge that may, 
at some future time, result in the dis- 
covery of anatural law that governs 
the recurrence of periods or seasons of 
excessive rainfalls. In any event, re- 
liable rainfall data wherever observed, 
will help to augment the world’s knowl- 
edge of super-terrestrial ferces, about 
which, though much may be known, 
much more remains to be learned. 
The Storm of June 29, 1903. 
The month of June, 1903, may safely 
be recorded as having been a wet 
month,—6.98 inches of rain having fall- 
en between June 7th and June 28th. 
The total fall for the month was 9.97 
inches. 
This particular storm made its ap- 
pearance at about the beginning of the 
season, when storms of like character 
can usually be expected in these lati- 
tudes. 
The rain began at 4.36 A. M.. and 
ended at1.30P. Mm. 
Total time of fall, 8 hours, 54 minutes. 
Total fall of rain, 2.99 inches. 
Between ‘9 and 10 a. m., 1.46 inches 
of rain fell. The highest rate of fall 
was 4 inches per hour, for 3 minutes. 
The second highest rate, 3 inches per 
hour, for 10 minutes. The third highest 
rate, 2.4 inches per hour, for 5 minutes. 
All of the above rates were between 
10 
9:33 A. M. and 9.51 4. M., and during 
the elapsed time of 18 minutes, 0.9 of 
an inch of rain fell, representing a rate 
of 3 inches per hour. An examination 
of these figures shows us that 49 per 
cent. of the total fall occurred during 
11 per cent. of the total time of fall. 
Storms of this character are liable to 
cause floods, especially at the lower 
levels of small drainage districts with 
steep slopes. 
Tre Storm of Sept:mber 16, 1993. 
With the wind at an estimated vel- 
ocity of 60 miles per hour, accompanied 
by torrential rain, this storm presented 
all the aspects of a West India hurri~ 
cane in its home latitudes. Houses were 
unroofed, trees were uprooted, and the 
beating force of the wind-driven rain 
absolutely cut the surfacing from the 
macadam roads throughout the Bor- 
ough, while storm sewers and culverts 
were gorged, and all things considered, 
this was the storm of greatest violence 
of 1903. The storm centre passed off 
the coast about 100 miles below New 
York, and probably dissipated itself in 
that graveyard of hurricanes, the mid- 
North Atlantic, 
The rain began at 7.30 a. M. and con- 
tinued, at varying rates, untill P. mM. 
Total time of fall, 5 hours and 30 
minutes. 
Total fall of rain, 3.24 inches. 
Between 12 M. and 1 P. m., 1.79 inches 
of rainfell. The highest rate of fall was 
4.31 inches per hour, for 14 minutes. The 
second highest rate, 2.64 inches, for 5 
minutes. The third highest rate was 
2.17 inches, for 12 minutes, giving 55 
per cent. of total fall in 18 per cent. of 
total time of fall. The gauge at Central 
Park Observatory recorded for this 
storm, 1.63 inches. It was a danger- 
ous storm in every sense of the word. 
The Storm of October 8 and 9, 1903. 
This storm differed in every respect 
from the two previously described. 
a ee 
