120 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. II., No. 26. 



of these are supposed to have a more direct 

 relation to the physical condition of mankind, 

 either from their nature, or in the peculiar 

 stages of their manufacture which makes them 

 admissible to the cases of this section. 



Section vii., ' social relations of mankind 

 (sociologj' and its accessories) ,' is to be an ex- 

 position of the appliances and methods made 

 use of bj' man in his social relations, commu- 

 nication of ideas and their record, trade and 

 commerce, societies and federations, govern- 

 ment and law, war, ceremonies. 



Section viii., ' intellectual occupations of 

 mankind (art, science, and philosophj-),' is to 

 show the existing intellectual and moral condi- 

 tion of man, and the most perfect results of 

 human achievement in everj' direction of ac- 

 tivitj'. Its topics are to be games and amuse- 

 ments, music, the drama, the arts, literature, 

 folk-lore, science, philosophj', education, and 

 climaxes of human achievement. 



The sixth to the eighth sections contain the 

 special topics which can be used to illustrate 

 the results of the intellectual i^rogress of man 

 more completely and directly, perhaps, than 

 the industries, in sections iv. and v. ; and these 

 are accordinglj' placed in a succession leading 

 naturally to their culmination in the topic which 

 terminates section viii., and is at the same time 

 the sixty-fourth and last of all of the topics. 

 This terminal topip is to be an exposition of the 

 most remarkable achievements of man. The 

 separation of this from the final topic of sec- 

 tion i. ('man in his individual manifestations, 

 representative men, biography ') shows, that, 

 though Mr. Goode has kept in view the kej'- 

 note of man's progress in civilization, the- 

 development of the individual, he has never- 

 theless either failed in seeing, or considered of 

 subordinate importance, the racial peculiarities 

 and advantages of which the representative 

 man is necessarily only the concentrated or 

 focalized expression. 



In fact, this want of what we might call 

 psychological insight is apparent everywhere ; 

 and throughout the scheme the race is subor- 

 dinated to the notion that man should be pre- 

 sented and considered as a whole, whether in 



the development of the topics separately, or the 

 purel}- comparative arrangement of the sixt^-- 

 four topics themselves as assembled in the 

 different sections of the museum. In section 

 i. man is treated of ' psychologically as a unit ; ' 

 and it is only in the second topic of this [sec- 

 tion, where the natural relations of men force 

 the treatment to stand upon a racial basis, that 

 we find this policy even apparently abandoned. 

 We say apparently ; because, as we understand 

 it, the effort here will be not to show the his- 

 torical or phj'sical development of the races, 

 so much as to contrast them side bj- side and 

 exhibit the characteristics of each race. 



In all its parts, the arrangement is based 

 in each topic upon a comparison of the work 

 of different races ; and the objects used for 

 these purposes must be withdrawn from their 

 natural associations in other collections, and 

 their significance in the historj^ physical and 

 psj'chological, of any particular race, be sacri- 

 ficed. 



This is the method of comparative anatom^y, 

 and has certain obvious advantages for the 

 study of anatomy if it is confined in applica- 

 tion within the well-defined limits of any one 

 type of plants or animals; but it is liable to lead 

 to serious errors when carried beyond these 

 limits. The dismembered organs or parts, 

 though similar, are, when found in distinct 

 types, unquestionabl}- often distinct in origin. 

 The comparative method necessarily cuts across 

 the natural order of things in their relations 

 to time and to the successive stages of their 

 development : and this is an ob\-ious defect, 

 which, when applied to anthropological col- 

 lections, is destructive of all natural concep- 

 tions as to the way in which modifications and 

 changes really arise or flow out of pre-existing 

 localized or racial conditions. 



Anthropology' as a science is essentially con- 

 cerned in tracing the history of different races 

 of men : it clings to the race as the safest 

 basis of classification at present existing, and 

 it is the test bj- which all general conclusions 

 with regard to the nature of man and the evolu- 

 tion of civilization are judged. A museum of 

 anthropology departs widelj- from this basis 



