August :i, iSSi ] 



SCIENCE. 



\->\) 



THE INTERNATIOXAL FISHERIES EX- 

 HIBITION.— THIRD PAPER. 



In eight weeks over seven hundretl thoiisaiul 

 persons have visited the exhibition ; and there 

 are no signs of any decrease in tlie daily attend- 

 ance, which averages from twelve thousand to 

 eighteen thousand, except on Wednesdays, 

 when, the price of admission being half a crown 

 instead of one shilling, the numbei' is only 

 about half as great. Wherever one travels 

 by public conveyance, some of his neighbors 

 in the car or the omnibus are always laden 

 with the ponderous blue catalogue of the ex- 

 hibition. London is thoroughly permeated by 

 the interest in fish and fisheries. On .Sunday 

 I felt a desire for a change of topic, and sought 

 refuge under the dome of St. Paul's ; but the 

 canon of Worcester, who officiated at the 

 service, preached a sermon on the miraculous 

 draught of fishes. 



Since the middle of July the galleries have 

 been lighted by electricity until ten o'clock. 

 The result has been ver}- satisfactoiy, tlie 

 illumination in many cases being more etfec- 

 tive than that l)y sunlight. The annoyance of 

 heavy shadows is avoided by the use of a large 

 number of lamps. All the principal systems 

 being represented, there is an excellent oppor- 

 tunity for comparison. The following Is the 

 official distribution of the electric lighting of 

 the exhibition : — 



tied that a I'ew large ai-c-lamps are preferable 

 to a great numlier of small ones. The light 

 seems softer, more powerful, and more evenly 

 diffused, in a room like the main gallery as- 

 signed to the I'nited States, where there are 

 six lamps in a room lil'ty li\' a hundred and 

 forty feet, at a distance of perhaps fifteen feet 

 fiom the floor, than by a system like that in 

 the British sea-fishery galleiv, where the twelve 

 luMidred Swan incandescent lamps are used 

 • to demonstrate the possil)ility of lighting large 

 areas l)y incandescence,' as the otlicial catalogue 

 states. Thirty lights of the tiiilcher or Ed- 

 munds patterns would give a much better eflect 

 in this great shed, eight hundred and forty by 

 fifty feet in dimension. The elfect of a large 

 number of incandescent lamps disposed along 

 the roof of a room in everv direction is very 

 l)ewildering : they detract the attention, and 

 give one the feeling that a long sta^' will be 

 sure to result in a headache. In the Chinese 

 court the Crookes incandescent lamps are used, 

 each suspc^nded under a shade of brightly- 

 colored glass : the general etfect is rather 

 pretty, but the collections are scarcely dis- 

 cernible. 



My observations at the exhibition have been 

 confirmed by what 1 saw at the Koyal college 

 of surgeons at the conversazione recently given 

 by the president and Lady Wells. The museum 

 was perfectly lighted by about six arc-lamps 

 in each of its spacious lialls. The arc-lights. 



SieoiL'Dtt BroUiera imtl coinpuny (it' 

 Swan united company (limited) . 

 'iiilchcM- eleclliclight company (lin 



lOluutric-lIelit supply company (lim 



( Conservatory 

 { Main gallery 

 ' ; Br: 



lite.l) 

 il.-.l) . 



Iloyal pavilion 



( Cliiiia, New Soulli Walc-8, etc. 

 j Canada and I'llited .Stales ( 

 ( Norway and Sweden \ ' 



Fish-market 



K.- 



nil, Tin 





.-Vquarium and west corridor 

 Machinery in motion 1 



Ktectric-lii;ht niachine-rthed [ 

 (ire.li-, Italy, (Ireat Britain ) 



Din 

 Kitche 



8. .lahloehkotr eleetric.li'.;hl i 



Mackic 

 Hrockii 



1-lninp electric-light company 

 ulartl and (iibbs .... 



Iherlaruls, liek-iuni I 



! I'arl c,f the I'nited Statel', etc. ! . . . 

 / I'arl of Sweden, etc ) 



i Lite-t-a^'inK apparatus shed 



t Hoard of trade slied 



I North corridors, for exhibition of stutreil 

 I tish 



Spain and Russia 



Entrance vestibule 



t Sixteen stations In difTerent parts of the 

 i building 



4 arc-lights, 6.0UU-eandle powr r. 

 1,200 incandescent lamps (.Swan). 

 2SI) Incandescent lamps (Swan). 

 GOO incandescent lamps (Crookes). 

 ^!U arc-lights, ],UOl)-candlc power. 



7 arc-lights (N'olta) 

 ."lO htcandescent lamps. 

 1,U00 incandcseeut lights- 



i5 arc-lights (Ferr.-inti), .i.OOO.can- 



die power each. 

 50 arC'lights- 



6 large arc-lights on mast. 

 -'lOO incandescent lamps. 



•2S are-lamps (Lever). 



ISO lamps (.lalilochkotT)- 



l.'i arc-lamps (Lea). 

 6 arc. lamps ( Werrdemann). 

 20 arc-lamps (Brockle). 

 :<6 arc-lamps {,(Hr»rd). 

 24 lamps (Soleile). 

 re and ItifTandescent lamps of 

 rIouB etiaracteri. 



1 have been i)artieularly interested in study- too, are used in the art museum at South Ken- 

 iiig the adaptability of the various lights to sington with very excellent etfect ; six of them 

 museum purposes, and am tiioroughly satis- accomplishing what is done, no more effectively 



