August lo, 1883.] 



SCIENCE. 



163 



the hvoulean apparatus (fig. 3) two reniform 

 hypo-hyals in cartilage, siirniounted by a triple 

 piece of the same material that occupies tlie 

 usual site of the glosso-hyal. In the median 

 line we have a thoroughly ossified basi-hyal ; 

 wiiile curved bony eerato-hyals, with expanded 

 cartilaginous anterior ends, are suspended from 

 the hypo-hyals. Four branchial arches are 

 represented ; the first pair being long, curved 

 bones, and the remaining ones cartilage. The 

 gill-clefts open to the rear of the last pair on 

 either side. 



The spinal column of an adult Muraenopsis 

 contains one hundred and ten well-ossified 

 vertebrae. The second and third of these have 

 suspended from their transverse processes free 

 ribs, of which the anterior i)air is the larger. 

 A strongly marked intercondyloid process is 

 formed between the two concave facets on the 

 anterior aspect of the atlas. As a rule, all 

 these vertebrae, except the first and the ex- 

 tremely rudimentary caudal ones, are of the 

 amphicoelous type, with lofty neural spines, — 

 far-spreading transversed [irocesses that become 

 horizontally broadened in mid-spinal region, — 

 and with well-marked zygapophysial processes 

 to link the series together. JCone of these 

 vertebrae are modified to form a sacrum in con- 



.9*;. 



Flo. 3. — Hyoidean nnd brnncbiiil appnralue of MuracnopaiH 

 tridnctylus; life-size; doui-d pnru in cartilage; pA, rudi- 

 mentary gloBso-byal; A/j, liypo-iiyal; c/i, cerato-liyai ; t', 6", 

 *', and *«, branchial arcluB; gc, glllclifl. 



nection with the pelvis iu the precaudal region ; 

 beyond which, each segment throws down 

 parial hypapophj'sial pi'ocesses, which are not 

 lost, as we proceed backwards, until we arrive 

 at the ultimate nodules that complete the tip 

 of the tail. 



In my specimen the thirty-third and thirty- 

 fourth vertebrae have coalesced in the most 



reniaikablc maimer, forming one bone, with 

 nearly all tiie parts double. The appendicular 

 skeleton is represented by extremely rudimen- 

 tary shoulder and pelvic girdles, supporting 

 e()ually feebly developed limbs, with their seg- 

 ments arranged as seen in fig. 4. We find 





Fio. 4. — A, right fore-liinb and rudimentary shoulder-girdle; 

 n, right hind-limb and rudin«entary pelvis, both slightly en- 

 larged, of M. tridactylus. From dieseclions by the author. 



the carpus has three cartilaginous elements in 

 its structure, — two in the proximal row, and 

 only one in the distal. This niimlier is in- 

 creased by an additional segment in the tarsus, 

 which has two elements in each row, articulat- 

 ing with the digits, as shown in the figure. 



Osseous tissue of an elementary character 

 m.ay be deposited in the humerus, the femur, 

 and certain points in the pelvis, more particu- 

 larly the projecting rod that appears to repre- 

 sent the pubic bone ; otherwise all this part of 

 the skeleton in our siren remains in cartilage 

 throutchout life, R, W, Shufeldt, 



THE GREAT TERMINAL MORAINE 

 ACROSS PENNSYLVANIA.^ 



Aftkb describing the investigations which else- 

 where had demonstrated the existence of a true ter- 

 minal moraine to the glacier covering north-eastern 

 America, the author stated, that having obtained the 

 aid of the geological survey of Pennsylvania, and, 

 during a portion of his work, the assistance of Prof. 

 G. F. Wright, he had been able to follow and define 

 the soulliern limit of glaciation for tlie first time in 

 a continuous line four hundred miles in length, and 

 to find that it was everywhere marked by a remark- 

 able .accumulation of glaciated material, which, winil- 

 ing across mountains and valleys, from the lowlands 

 of the Delaware to the great Alleghany plateau, was 

 continuous from end lo end, and formed a true ter- 

 minal moraine. 



There is a marked distinction between the glaci- 

 ated portion of Pennsylvania and that region south 

 of glacial action. Although the general topography 

 of the two regions is alike, the varied superficial 

 features due to glacial agencies, the far travelled 

 and scratched bowlders, the smoothed and striated 



' AbBlract of a paper before the American aaaoclation for 

 the advancement of science, iu Uontreal, August, 1882. By I'rof. 

 II. (Jarvili, Lkwis. 



