OtTOBEU 26, 18S3.] 



SCIENCE. 



573 



absence of birds in llic Silnniui, wliieh might 

 well deter the boldest siieciilator from ottering 

 such an explanation ; but when we consider that 

 permanent bodies of fresh water were undoubt- 

 edly formed by the gradual freshening of bodies 

 of salt water cut off from the ocean, and that 

 such bodies of fresh water usually had outlets 

 connecting them with the sea, it is not sur|)ris- 

 ing that Fritz Miiller, Dohrn, and others should 

 overlook a ditliculty which is no greater for 

 rhyllopoda than for other groups of fresh- 

 water animals. 



In the chapter on his new order, riiyllocarida, 

 and its systematic position. Professor Packard 

 describes the anatomy and development of 

 Nebalia, and discusses its fossil allies. The 

 appendages of Xebalia bipes are described and 

 fulh' figured, but on the internal anatomy very 

 little that is new is given. The figures and 

 text intended to elucidate the histology, like 

 most of Professor Packard's similar work, leave 

 much to be desired. 



The liibliography consists of a hundred and 

 thirty-eight titles, divided into four sections, 

 — one for living and one for fossil Phyllopoda, 

 and the same for Phyllocarida. The titles of 

 many of the works referred to are omitted 

 in the bibliography, which is evidently vcr}- 

 incomplete ; but its incompleteness is not .so 

 annoying as the entire want of system in its 

 arrangement, and the frequency of typographi- 

 cal errors. 



Typographical erroi-s are A-ery numerous in 

 all parts of the work ; and many of them cannot 

 pro|)erly be charged to the proof-reader, who, 

 however, ought to have corrected blunders like 

 ' Yahresbericht ' (several times) and ' zoogloi- 

 cal.' and the inexi)licalile punctuation of most 

 of the bibliographical references in the system- 

 atic parts of the work. Errors due to careless 

 writing or careless compiling are more com- 

 mon than purely typographical errors, and far 

 more confusing. On p. 313 we have the fol- 

 lowing: " It is dillicult to say whether this is 

 a Limnadia or Kstlieria. as the descrii)tion is 

 too brief and inexact to enable us to determine 

 the genus or species. It catlnot be a Limnadia, 

 and seems to approxim.ate more closely to 

 Estheria ; though it cannot belong to that 

 genus." On p. 3.'i.'j it is said that ' Schraan- 

 kevitch ' found ' Hranchinecta ferox (Fischer 

 sp.) ' transform by artificial means into Ar- 

 teraia ; but in reality he found an Artemia 

 change into a Hranchinecta, or into what he 

 considered a Branchipus. On p. 337, • Lab- 

 rador examples ' are said to have been taken 

 'on the north side of Hamilton Inlet, Northern 

 Greenland.' On pp. 313 and 314 the species 



of Estheriinae not recognizable arc inserted 

 between two species of Euliinnadia instead of 

 at the end of the suli-fainily. Two paragraphs 

 at the bottom of p. 3PJ, under Streptocephalus 

 Sealii. should have been placed under Chiro- 

 cephalus Ilolniani, on (). 352. On pp. 356 to 

 3.).S the genus Leaia is inserted between two 

 species of Estheria. 



The plates, perhaps the most valuable part 

 of the work, are nearly all lithographs from the 

 establishment of Thomas Sinclair & son, and 

 are apparently accurate representations of the 

 original drawings. The general figures, most- 

 ly drawn bj- Emerton and Burgess, are excel- 

 lent. The figures of details, drawn b^' the 

 author, are not always so satisfactory : the 

 figures of the appendages of Apus and Lepi- 

 durus, for exam|)le, are very rudely drawn, and 

 badly arranged on the plates. Unfortunately, 

 the amount of enlargement of scarcely any of 

 the figures is given. S. I. .Suiru. 



Srii WILLIAM LOGAN. 



Life nf Sir William E. Logan, Kt., LL.D., F.R.S , 

 F.G.S., elc.,Jirst director of lite Geotoi/ical survey 

 of Canaiin. By Bernard J. Harri.noton, 

 B. A., Ph D., professor of mining in McGill uni- 

 versity. Montreal, Dawson Bros , 18S3. With 

 steel portrait and numerous woodcuts. 432 p. 

 8°. 



A LIFE of Logan will be greeted by all 

 geologists as a fit companion- for those which 

 have recently appeared of his English col- 

 leagues, Lyell and Murchison. What they 

 did for Great Britain, he did for his native 

 Can.ada, and even more. He solved the most 

 complicated geological problems in vast areas 

 where no white man had ever trod before hira. 

 lie forced his wa\- through trackless forests, 

 making his own surveys and maps as he pro- 

 ccedcfl, and, in spite of such difficulties, not 

 only discovered the structure of a greater part 

 of his own country, but gave to the world a 

 new series of formations. The work of Murch- 

 ison and .Sedgwick he completed by cai-rying 

 order and succession beyond the Silurian and 

 Cambrian, into that chaos of still older rocks, 

 thus rendeiing the soil of his beloved Canada 

 forever classic in geological annals. 



The author of the present memoir has given 

 us Sir William's histor_v almost in his own 

 words. By means of judicious extracti? from 

 his voluminous correspondence and journals, 

 chronologically arranged, we are presented with 

 a charming ])icture of the man, as well as 

 the .ittvant, all the more faithful because it is 

 unconsciously given. Here we see portrayed 



