NoVEMBKU Ifi, 188;^.] 



SCIENCE. 



641 



scries, we find the atlas and axis arlieiilating 

 in the usual manner, the former with its cup- 

 like depression with the oceipital condyle, the 

 vertebra being perforated at its base. Tlu' 

 parial parapoph yses beneath the centra of these 

 vertebrae are more or less prominent through- 

 out ; but in the eighth, ninth, and tenth, they 

 are developed to an unusual extent, being long, 

 needle-like [)rocesses, reaching nearly the entire 

 length of the vertebra. A small pair of rudi- 

 mentary free ribs are found beneath the trans- 

 verse processes of the eighteenth 

 vertebra. The next two ensuing 

 ones have tlieir ribs well devel- 

 oped, and bear large uncinate 

 processes ; but their lower ends 

 still fail to be connected with 

 the sternum by the intervention 

 of costal ribs. Three more dor- 

 sal vertebrae arc found before 

 we come to the anchylosed series 

 of the sacrum. These all have 

 true ribs connected with the ster- 

 num by costal ribs, and their 

 uncinate processes are strongly 

 produced. A pair of ribs, as 

 well developed in ever}* partic- 

 ular as the series just men- 

 tioned, springs from beneath 



There are six free caudal vertebrae, not in- 

 cluding the terminal segment or pygostyle, 

 here quite large, i)ointcd above, and possess- 

 ing a moderately dilated posterior margin, 

 thrown out to support the rectrices of the tail. 

 The two anterior free caudal vertebrae are quite 

 firmly grasped on either side by characteristio 

 spine-liko processes thrown backward, and de- 

 veloped on the part of the ilia. A lateral view 

 of the pelvis, which is very long and much 

 compressed from side to side, shows the is- 



*2. — ItlKht lateral view of HUrnutn And shouldor-ginllc of Phalncrocorax bicrietaluh, lifi- hlzc. 



the ilium on citiier side, joining costal ones 

 below ; but the last pair of all, or the sec- 

 ond that is produced from the anchylosed 

 vertebrae of the sacrum, is without the unci- 

 nate processes, and in the specimen before us 

 tiie costal rib on the lell side is the onl}" one 

 of this pair that meets the sternum in a true 

 facet. On the opposite side it articulates along 

 the posterior border of the hacmapophysis be- 

 yond it. The neural spines completely coalesce, 

 in the ultimate sacral vertebrae, into a well- 

 pronounced crest, which is surmounted aloTig 

 its entile length with a spreading cap of bone. 



chiadic foramen to be an unusually large aper- 

 ture, while the slender pubic bone fails to close 

 in the other two foramina below, that are found 

 in man}- other birds. This last-mentioned ele- 

 ment of the pelvis slightly expands behind, 

 where it meets the lower margin of the ischiunt 

 for about a centimetre of its length. It then 

 contracts again in size a little, to be directed 

 downwards, and curved inwards. The body 

 of the sternum is quadrilateral in outline, with 

 two rather shallow excavations on either side 

 of the median line, occupying the entire si[ih- 

 oidal margin or border. 



