NOVKMBKK 16, 1S88.] 



SCIENCE. 



()47 



The first report, which is in your hands, represents 

 three montlis' excavation. We liave now the results 

 of two years of hard work to add to it; ami these 

 results have been fully proportionate. The first 

 report was restricted, in the description of buildings 

 examined, to the temple and the Greek bridge. To 

 our knowledge of these structures so many additions 

 have now been made, that our restorations may be 

 said to be as nearly perfect as it will ever be possible 

 to attain. The temple, already better known than any 

 building discovered in a similarly ruinous condition, 

 appears as perfect an example for tlie history of Dorii: 

 architecture as many which are standing to the top 



documental history. The so-called Sallier papyrus, 

 now in the British museum, records, that among tlie 

 confederates who came to the aid of the Hittites, — 

 those famous men whose empire is the pride of Pro- 

 fessor Sayce, — were the 'people of Pedasa.' The 

 inhabitants, then, of our city (Pedasos, Assos), were, 

 in the fourteenth or thirteenth century B.(;., of suflB- 

 cient importance to be enumerated, with the Uardeni 

 of lluna (i.e., the Dardanians of Ilion or Troy), 

 among those forces which appeared at Cadesh, on 

 the banks of the Orontes, to fight against R.amses 

 III. — the Rhampsinitos of tireek story — in the fifth 

 year of his reign. The importance of this curious 



tury B.C. 



of tlie entablature. Other fragments of the reliefs 

 carved upon its epistyle, the importance of which to 

 the history of Greek sculpture is now recognized by 

 all scholars, have been found since the publication 

 of the report, and the entire stone ceiling of the 

 building has been recovered. To this have been 

 added many details, including most interesting and 

 curiously suggestive observations concerning antique 

 Stone cutting and laying. 



Our knowledge of the geography of the land has 

 been further enriched by maps, geological as well 

 as topographical. To the story of its archeological 

 recovei-y many details have been added, while its po- 

 litical history has received most important additions. 

 One of these latter points I may be permitted to 

 mention, because of its striking character. Assos 

 is the first city of Greek civilization mentioned in 



notice, in an historical point of view, is h.irdly to be 

 overrated. 



The digging of the second and the third years has 

 been almost restricted to the lower town. Much work 

 was done upon the fortifications of Assos, the finest 

 known works of Greek engineering. The oldest 

 inhabitants settled close around the acropolis, build- 

 ing rough walls of enormous blocks, not cut by any 

 metallic tools, ui)on the levels just at the foot of the 

 volcanic crater, and there did a great deal of terra- 

 cing, which was cleverly used by the later Greeks. 

 The first outer circuit-wall remaining (I. in fig. 2) was 

 certainly old at the time of the Lydian invasion. 

 Under the favoring influences of the Aeolic coloniza- 

 tion, the city greatly increased, and a new wall was ne- 

 cessary. This second masonry (II., fig. 2) may have 

 somewhat antedated the Persian wars. By reason 



